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An increase in air pressure to the actuator is required to cause the valve to open. This is called Air-to-Open Valve. Otherwise normally called Fail-Closed or Normally Closed Valve.

An increase in air pressure to the actuator is required to cause the valve to close. This is called Air-to-Close Valve. Otherwise normally called Fail-Open or Normally Open Valve.

Another way of looking at these definitions are:

When air is given from the bottom of the diaphragm, the stem will go up and flow enters from the input and flows to the output. This is called Air-to-Open.

When air is given from the top side of the diaphragm, the stem will go down and the stem will close the plug into the seat, meaning that the flow would be shut-off and the valve will be closed.

Basically, you need air to either open or close the valve to allow your flow to proceed or shut.

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