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Lead in the form of tetraethyl lead (TEL) was used in gasoline around the world for many years as an octane improver. TEL allowed the automobile industry to progress before modern refining techniques were developed to improve the octane number of gasoline in sufficient quantites to be available to meet demand. TEL was banned in the United States in 1978 under the Clean Air Act, but worldwide phaseout, particularly in developing countries, has been slow.

The main use for TEL is in "avgas" for small gasoline powered airplane engines and Race Car Engines. No substitute has been found for the use of TEL in these engines because TEL also provides lubrication for the pistons in the engine.

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