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Activation polarization in fuel cells refers to the voltage loss that occurs due to the energy barrier associated with the electrochemical reactions at the electrodes. It arises from the time required for reactants to be converted into products, necessitating an overpotential to drive the reaction at the desired rate. This phenomenon is particularly notable at low current densities, where the reaction kinetics are slower. Understanding activation polarization is crucial for optimizing fuel cell performance and efficiency.
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What is activation polarization?
activation polarization is a polarization due to charge transfer kinetics of the electrochemical process involved.
What has the author Victor Emerald Hauser written?
Victor Emerald Hauser has written: 'A study of carbon anode polarization in fused carbonate fuel cells' -- subject(s): Fuel cells, Polarization (Electricity)
Hyper-polarization of skeletal muscle cells?
Hyper polarization of the skeletal muscle cells is the opposite of depolarization. It results from increase in the flow of potassium out of the cells with simultaneous flow of chloride into the cells giving the membrane a net negative charge. It is an essential mechanism for the contractile function of the muscles in our body.
How do t helper 1 cells activate and assist in the activation of t cells?
T helper 1 cells activate and assist in the activation of T cells by releasing signaling molecules called cytokines. These cytokines help stimulate T cells to multiply and become more effective in fighting off infections. Additionally, T helper 1 cells can directly interact with T cells to provide necessary signals for their activation and function.
What will make the fuel pump relay make noise?
Activation.
What is the biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy of reactions in cells?
an enzyme
How can cancer cells and virus infected body cells be killed before activation of adaptive immunity?
NK cell
What are the types of polarization?
electronic polarization ionic or atomic polarization orientation or dipole polarization space charge polarization
How are fuel cells categorized?
explain how fuel cells are commonly categorized
What are B and T cells called that have not yet been exposed to an antigen?
B and T cells that have not yet been exposed to an antigen are referred to as "naive" cells. These cells are mature but have not yet encountered their specific antigen, which is necessary for their activation and differentiation into effector cells. Naive B cells can produce antibodies, while naive T cells can become cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells upon activation.
What are the similarities between concentration polarization and kinetic polarization?
Concentration polarization is a condition in which the current in a electrochemical cell is limited by the rate at which reactants are brought to or removed from the surface of on or both electrodes. Kinetic is a condition which the current is limited by the rate at which electrons are transferred between the electrode surfaces and the reactant in solution. ref: fundamentals of analytical chemistry chapter 22.
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by lowering the?
activation energy of the reaction.
