at low frequency less than 50hz the voltage gain decreases with decreasing frequency and at mid frequency{50hz to 20khz} the voltage gain is uniform because resistor value are independent of frequency change and at the high frequency votage gain falls.
A: an operational amplifier has two input A+ and a - input feeding to a base of a transistor ideally both diodes are matched with a current source to make them equal so basically they are both balanced or virtually at the same potential increasing one potential to one will inversely effect the other. usually these junctions are transistor base to emitter but it could that one is just a plain diode working on the exponential curve of the diodes
A: The gain of a transistor is not linear and even that varies from component to component. The gain can vary greatly depending on the Ic current and the load. Manufactures only give out a typical gain for a particular current. As a rule the lower the Ic current the higher the gain. To really find out what a particular transistor characteristics are a tektronik curve tracer is used.
Zener diodes are normally operated in their reverse breakdown voltage curve.
The standard analog multiplier circuit (i.e. multiplying two analog signals to generate a product analog signal) sums the logs of the inputs then takes the antilog to form the output. The log and antilog functions are approximated using the base-emitter curve of transistors. The rest of the circuit is opamps, which have emitter coupled differential transistor amplifiers at their core. This however is limited to positive values only, and is called a one quadrant multiplier. Perhaps you are asking instead about a type of analog multiplier using two cross-connected emitter coupled differential transistor amplifiers and several constant current sources for bias. The main advantages of these is they can correctly handle negative numbers, and are thus called four quadrant multipliers, and they are almost trivial to integrate compared to the opamp version.
For example , if you are conducting the RC coupled the amplifier, the will be frequency response curve , due to which cc ,cce and ccb of internal capacitance of the transistor , In that you have take the gain as 3db .. at frequency response ,they will ask why you have to select the #db.. instead of 3db you select $ or 6db's .. I will tell the reason later !!! Bye
frequency response curve helps us to find the bandwidth of particular amplifier circuit. Bandwidth is the range of frequency at which the amplifier works better....
The frequency on an amplifier response curve which is greater than the frequency for peak response and at which the output voltage is 1/√2 (that is, 0.707) of its midband or other reference value.
The scientific meaning of the phrase "frequency response" refers to a curve used in physics or engineering to represent the output to input ratio of a transducer as a function of frequency.
Drawback of the constant K type filter is that at the cut of frequency , its attenuation is a steady curve .. quick response is lacking in it an ideal filter should have a sharp response curve.
A frequency curve is a graph obtained by joining the points of a frequency polygon freehand smoothly.
In order to plot the points on either the frequency polygon or curve, the mid values of the class intervals of the distribution are calculated. Then the frequencies with respect to the mid points are plotted. However in a frequency curve the points are joined by a smooth curve, where as in a frequency polygon the points are joined by straight lines. Apart from this major difference, a frequency polygon is a closed figure where as the frequency curve is not.
DC Analysis: For this analysis, frequency is made zero and the voltage of the source is increased in small steps from 0V.And the output voltage is plotted. So, finally we get a Vout vs Vin curve. AC Analysis: In this analysis, we choose an AC source. We keep the Offset voltage = 0V, AC voltage or small signal voltage = 2V (You can take any voltage you wish and it doesnt matter). So, to plot the ac response or frequency response of the circuit, increase the frequency in steps and note the output voltage. from this analysis , we can find the gain of the circuit over frequency.
A cumulative frequency curve is a graph that shows the cumulative frequency of a data set. This type of graph can present data, such as medians and quartiles. Another name for this curve is an Ogive.
The Gaussian curve is the Normal distributoin curve, the commonest (and most studied) of statistical distributions.
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normal curve
The main utility of a cumulative frequency curve is to show the distribution of the data points and its skew. It can be used to find the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and the range of the data.