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The easiest way to measure phase difference is with an oscilloscope. Connect one channel to one signal, and connect the other channel to the other signal. Display both channels and trigger off of one. Measure the time difference - best accuracy is at the zero crossing point - and represent that as a percentage of the full period of one signal, normalized to 360 degrees.
If you are building circuitry to do this, there are many options but, basically, you are just repeating in circuitry what you do with the oscilloscope. There are some tricks... Assuming you are building a manual synchronizer for a generator, you can place a light bulb between the two phases, grid and generator. The light bulb will be at full brilliancy when the phases are 180 degrees out, and it will be dark when the phases are in sync. Still assuming the synchronization problem, you can connect the two phases to a special meter with two windings - the meter turns 360 degrees - and indicates phase angle - usually 12:00 is in sync - and most generators are designed to take the load when the generator is slightly faster than the grid and it is in the hot zone for being considered in sync.
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What tool is used in the DMAIC measure phase?
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