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A heavy nucleus is split by a neutron which can pass the Coloumb barrier because of its lack of electrical charge. Nuclear fission releases energy . During each fission reaction some mass is converted to energy with accordance to E=mc2 The heat energy is usually carried by the fission products. It heats water or another moderator (eg. carbon dioxide) which is then used to heat water to turn it to steam, which drives a turbine which drives a generator which produces electricity because of electromagnetic induction. On average, each fission event releases approx. 200 MeV of energy, while most oxidation reactions (eg. burning fossil fuels) release only few eV per event.

200 MeV = two hundred million eV

eV = 1.60217653(14)×10−19 J

Nuclear fusion releases energy by binding light nuclei together, rather than separating them. It is vital to notice that only fusion of light nuclei is exothermic (it releases energy), while fusion of heavy nuclei is endothermic (it "consumes" energy).

Fusion also releases energy. It is even more energetic than fission, but harder to achieve. It occurs naturally in stars.

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