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Electric arc welding machines work by generating an electric arc between an electrode and the workpiece, creating intense heat that melts the metal and allows for fusion. The electrode, which can be consumable or non-consumable, provides filler material or maintains the arc, while the welder controls the process to ensure proper penetration and bead formation. The machine typically includes a power source, a control unit for adjusting voltage and current, and safety features to protect the operator. Shielding gas or slag may be used to protect the molten weld pool from contamination.

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