carrier signal- use for the purpose of conveying information.
modulating signal- causes variations in some characteristics of carrier signal.
modulated signal - carrier signal after altration in its characteristics is called modulated signal.
example- if you want to see an object (suppose it is an modulating signal),you need light(light is carrier signal) and when light will reflect on object you will be able to see if (that is modulated signal)
Band-Pass filters
The intermediate frequency in the superheterodyne receiver is chosen as the desired compromise between sensitivity and selectivity. 455kHz is used in AM broadcast applications, while 10.7mHz is used for FM. The IF stage is tuned for a steep skirt passband at that frequency, allowing only the desired heterodyned (shifted) input signal to make it through to the demodulator.
The primary function of a filter is to reduce the level of, or ideally eliminate, unwanted frequencies. There are three basic types of filter:Low pass which permits frequencies below a predetermined frequencyHigh pass the opposite of low passBand pass which permits a predetermined range of frequenciesNotch which permits everything except a predetermined range of frequenciesFilters can be analogue using resistor-capacitor or indutctor-capacitor networksor digital
Use the shifting property of the Fourier transform to shift the frequency response down to baseband. Multiply the time-domain signal by a complex exponential with the frequency of the amount you want to shift the frequency response.
If the modulating system is AM (Amplitude Modulation) then the amplitude of the carrier wave changes with the amplitude of the modulation. On a specrum analyser that shows up as frequency sidebands. If the frequency of the carrier waves depends on the amplitude of the modulating signal that is called FM (frequency modulation). On a spectrum analyser that shows up as sidebands also.
The ideal passband of a receiver should have steep sides and a flat top. However many receivers use stacked filters to create the passband, and consequently the top of the passband sometimes has a ripple on it. This can cause distortion of the received signal.
» There is no isolation b/w input and output. » These circuits can not provide any gain. » There is always someloss of signal, It can be in the passband. » Circuit becomes bulky if inductors are used. » There is no clear demarcation between Passband and stopband but actually it (Passband & Stopband) get mixed up. » In this frequency response is not sharp as no sudden change in the output when switching from passband to stopband. » Source loading can take place.
Yes, if the passband of the first filter includes that of the second one, and the light contains wavelengths that fall within their common passband.
band passband rejectlow passhigh passcombetc.RCRLLCRLCetc.
According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 6 words with the pattern --S-B-N-. That is, eight letter words with 3rd letter S and 5th letter B and 7th letter N. In alphabetical order, they are: baseband dustbins fishbone noseband passband wishbone
Band-Pass filters
Advantage is that it has the most flat passband meaning that it is very good at simulating the passband of an ideal filter. The disadvantage is that it has a horrible stopband because it gradually goes to zero so some parts of the stopband are still passed. However, for an nth-order Butterworth Filter, as n increases, the closer it is to an ideal filter. However, it is highly impractical to build a ridiculously high order Butterworth filter.
Harold Lee Broberg has written: 'A three-pole analog cancellation filter with variable passband for use in range-gated radars'
3 dB implies 1/2 the power and since the power is proportional to the square of voltage, the voltage will be 0,707 of the passband voltage. sqrt(0.5) = 0.707
when imperfect receiver filter allow nearby frequencies to leak into the passband the interference produced is call adjacent channel interference Engr Aamir Naeem facebook id: Aamirnaeem77@gmail.com