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Dielectric absorption rate or ratio is a testing parameter used to determine the opposition to current flow through an insulating material sometimes expressed as insulation resistance in ohms or megohms. Testing the integrity of insulation involves measuring its resistance to current flow across or through it at specific voltage levels. A high level of resistance indicates that very little current is escaping through the insulation. Conversely, a low level of resistance indicates a significant amount of current may be leaking through and along the insulation.

Similar to capacitive current, absorption current starts out relatively high and then decreases over time. As the voltage increases, the absorption level in the insulation decreases. This gradual change reflects the potential energy stored in and around the insulation.

The dielectric absorption rate or ratio is the comparison of the leakage current or insulation resistance over a set time interval. The end reading divided by the initial reading yields a number which if less than 1.00 generally indicates faulty insulation.

Another test similar to the dielectric absorption test is the polarization index ratio. This test is performed in much the same manner except with a longer time interval.

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