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A terminal potential difference is the potential difference appearing across the terminals of a voltage source, such as a battery or a generator, which varies according to the load supplied.

When the battery or generator is off load (i.e. no load is connected to it), the terminal potential difference is equal to the electromotive force of that battery or generator.

The terminal potential difference tends to decrease as the load current increases, due to a corresponding increase in the internal voltage drop of the battery or generator.

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