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A capacitor is a circuit component that stores energy in the electric field set up between its plates.

Capacitors are named after the dielectric used to separate their plates (e.g. 'mica' capacitor), and there are lots of different types of dielectric used (too many to list), so there are a corresponding number of types of capacitor.

But you can also categorise a capacitor as being 'polarised' or 'non-polarised'; electrolytic capacitors are 'polarised', which means that they must be connected into a circuit while taking into account the polarity of their terminals.

Finally, you can categorise them as being 'fixed value' or 'variable'.

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Q: What is the capacitor and how many types?
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