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It is only a LED and a light sensitive transistor in one package. The light from the LED activates the transistor so there is optical communication between the input and output but no electrical contact. This provides exceptional electrical isolation between the two circuits involved.

An application that is most common is in a switched mode power supply, or a pulse width modulated power supply, if you prefer. These are exceptionally common in almost all contemporary AC adapters for TVs, monitors and other electronic devices.

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Q: What is the operation of opto-isolator?
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