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That bright red color is heat: infrared energy and visible light. The electrons gain kinetic energy as they accelerate away from the Cathode. As each electron is absorbed into the metal Plate, its kinetic energy becomes acoustic motion in the Plate's atoms - heat. (The plate is being hammered.)

It is not normal for vacuum tube circuits to operate at high Plate temperatures that are this conspicuous. This circuit has an excessive product of Plate voltage times Plate current, and/or the vacuum tube Grids are biased incorrectly.


One common technique for reducing this heating effect is to use a second Grid near the Plate that is biased much more positive than the Plate. This causes the electrons to decelerate between Grid 2 and the Plate - loosing most of their kinetic energy before absorbtion.

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10y ago

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