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When a transformer winding suffers a short circuit the adjoining turns of the same winding experiences?
Wiki User
∙ 12y ago
A short circuit between adjacent turns of the same winding will cause the turns ratio of the transformer to change. A short circuit of this nature may not cause the transformer to become disconnected, so the situation could last for a long time.
In larger utility Transformers, the gases formed by the arcing between turns will collect in the Buchholz relay, situated between the transformer and its expansion tank, which will then initiate an alarm inside the substation.
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∙ 12y ago
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What are the limitations of ideal integrator circuit?
the ideal differentiator has some limitations. The output is limited to the supply voltages, and since the differentiator is a noise-amplifying device, it suffers from excessive response to high-frequencies. Generally a practical differentiator is combined with a low-pass filter to smooth the high-frequency noise effects. Figure 6 shows some possible modifications to the ideal circuit. A large (over 1 MΩ) resistor Rx may be inserted in parallel with Cs and a very small ( 10 pF or less) capacitor Cx may be inserted in parallel with Rf.
Should the ground and neutral wires be wired together?
The answer to that question depends on exactly where in the building's wiring is being asked about.The only place the neutral and ground (or "earth") wires in a building should ever be tied (or "connected") together is at the incoming service main breaker panel "upstream" of all the fuses and/or circuit breakers which are there to protect the hot (or "live") wires for the various circuits installed in the building.In the absence of an earth wire (= ground wire in US/Canadian English), if the appliance suffered some damage that caused a short circuit between the high voltage "hot" lead and the case of the appliance, the damage would make the case live and it would cause an electrical shock to anyone who touched it.If the case is earthed by using a ground wire (= earth wire in British English), if that same damage occurred the hot lead would immediately be shorted to ground and in theory cause the fuse to blow or circuit breaker to open, thus eliminating the danger of a live case.In the USA I think we refer to what you are calling an "earth wire," as a GROUNDING CONDUCTOR, which in effect is a separate conductor which seems to be doing nothing but is in fact a protective wire. It is there, ready to take the current away to earth if it, or the body/frame of the electrical device it is connected-to, makes contact with any "hot" wire. [120 Volts mains power is carried in two current carrying conductors "hot" and "neutral".]So, IF one of the "hot" conductors should contact the metal frame or housing - perhaps because the appliance got damaged by being dropped from a table, or similar accident - the third wire which is the "ground" or "earth" wire, which runs directly from the housing to the grounding [or earth bus] in the fuse or breaker panel, will in effect cause a short circuit which should blow the fuse or trip the breaker.This third wire also guarantees a current path back to the load center where the fuse or circuit breaker protecting that circuit is located, in the event the hot wire should be in contact with the frame, but the other [neutral/return] conductor should happen to be cut, disconnected, or open.The idea is to guarantee that if a part of the device should become "hot," which could be fatal to anyone who then came into contact with it, would trip/open the circuit protection device [fuse or breaker], turning off the flow of current to that circuit.All the neutral and ground (or "earth") wires in a building are tied or linked together at the incoming service main breaker panel. This is the only place they should ever be tied together because it is "upstream" of all the fuses and/or circuit breakers protecting the hot (or "live") wires for the various circuits installed in the building.Warning: we must never assume that a neutral is safe to touch: it has to be checked with a voltmeter or a voltage indicator to be sure it is not "live". This is because a neutral wire is designed to carry current under normal circumstances.So, if a neutral wire going back to the incoming main breaker panel has not been properly connected - or suffers a deliberate disconnection or some accidental damage which causes it to break - then it and any neutral wires connected to it further downstream will go live up to the break because of being connected to the downstream loads which still have hot feeds coming into them!That is why we should never use a neutral as a substitute for a proper, separate, ground or "earth" wire.In addition to the above description it should also be mentioned that the presence of an earth wire allows a very sensitive safety device called a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) to operate. It will cut off the power supply to the appliance even if a tiny current of a few thousandths of an Amp is detected flowing in the earth wire, which should normally carry no current at all.In USA/Canada, and similar countries which use mains supplies running at 120 Volts 60 Hz to feed power sockets, it is probable that the latest designs of GFCIs which are fitted to all new wiring work actually operate in the same way as the RCDs described in the next paragraph, although they are still commonly called GFCIs.In Europe, where 230 Volts, 50Hz mains supplies are standard in homes, offices, etc. such protective "trip" devices are called Residual Current Detectors (RCDs) because, in addition to being able to detect small earth leakage currents, they have the ability to detect very small differences between the currents flowing in the hot (or live) wire and the neutral wire. Such imbalances might be caused by minor damage to the appliance which allows a small current - known as a residual current - to leak to earth either via the user or via the earth wire (if one is connected) even though the appliance itself is still working. So using an RCD helps to prevent a serious shock hazard to users if ever the kind of minor damage occurs which, in the absence of an RCD, would cause the appliance's casing to become "hot" or live.Thus RCDs give a very high level of safe operation even if no circuit breaker has tripped and no fuse has blown and the appliance appears to be working normally. (But it has really become unsafe!) Because of the enhanced protection they give to users of appliances the latest European wiring regulations (= wiring codes in US/Canada and elsewhere) make it compulsory to fit RCDs to all new power circuits.As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.Before you do any work yourself,on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOBSAFELY AND COMPETENTLYREFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.
Why improve power factor?
A poor power factor is usually caused by coils; by inductors within electric motors. A capacitor is the opposite of a coil, and can improve the power factor by moving the current phase angle forward, more towards the voltage. Power factor degradation from inductive loads occurs because inductors resist a change in current, by "presenting" a higher resistance to a step (or any) change in current. As a result, current lags voltage, and power factor suffers. Capacitors are opposite to inductors. They resist a change in voltage, by "presenting" a lower resistance to a change in voltage. As a result, current leads voltage. Suppose that a capacitor is placed in parallel to an inductor. If the value of capacitance is adjusted so it exactly cancels the inductance at 60Hz, then the combination as a whole behaves purely as a resistor. If capacitive loads were common, then they would cause problems similar to inductors. However, adding capacitance in a case where there is also inductance serves to raise voltage, particularly since the conductors (power lines, etc.) leading up to the load are also resistive, inductive, and partially capacitive. By raising the voltage, power factor is improved, and the inductive loads (usually motors) cause fewer losses in power lines.
Why alternatig current electricity is better than direct current?
Nobody said it was. Well, maybe except Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse... *chuckle*Each type (AC and DC) has unique advantages over the other in certain situations.For example - AC is much more useful when transmitting power over distance, as power lost with AC has much more to do with parasitic inductance and capacitance than it does with resistance. AC is also the form in which most of our electricity is generated (electrical generators are turbines, they produce AC). And on top of that, AC is easily manipulated using transformers, which do their job thanks to alternating magnetic fields (DC doesn't produce an alternating magnetic field).The main disadvantage of AC would be its lethality to all living creatures, and of course - AC is useless when it comes to state-based electronics. Most AC devices are also rather bulky and impractical to carry around for long.DC, on the other hand, is much more useful in low-voltage applications where power doesn't need to go far, and wherever logical states are considered. As such, most electronics is mainly DC (with a few notable exceptions throughout the years). Your computer, radio, television set, even your wristwatch - they all run on DC, internally. Yes, the TV set uses DC as well, only at much higher voltages (typically around 180V/320V to start, and then a couple kV to drive the deflection coils and the electron gun).Then again, DC was dropped in favor of AC when it came to power distribution - and why? Well, as I've mentioned before, DC transmission suffers much higher power losses over distances, as conductor (wire) resistance comes into play - this energy is wasted away as heat. This also limits the effective range of power distribution network to a couple of hundred kilometers (beyond which consumers would receive too little power to be of any use).So, as it should already be evident, each form has its strong and weak points. None is better than the other - they're both different forms of the same thing - but each is better suited for some applications over others.I hope this answers your question.
What is flux valve and its operation?
Fluxvalve Theory 10. The fluxvalve , consists of a sensitive pendulous element which is free to swing within limits (usually ± 25°) but fixed to the aircraft in azimuth. The element is suspended by a Hooke's Joint with the whole assembly being hermetically sealed in a case partially filled with oil to dampen oscillations. A deviation compensator is usually mounted on top of the unit. 73 Radio Magnetic Compass 11. The pendulous detector element resembles a three spoke wheel with the spokes 120° apart and slotted through the rim. The rim forms a collector horn for each spoke. The horns and spokes are made up of a series of metal laminations having a high magnetic permeability. Each spoke has a vertical cross-section similar to that shown in Fig 12-2. The spoke consists of two superimposed legs which are separated by plastic material and opened out to enclose the central hub cone. This cone has an exciter coil wound round it on a vertical axis, and each spoke has a pick-off coil wound round both legs on a horizontal axis. The exciter coil is fed with 400 Hz single phase AC. The output of the secondary or pick-off coil is an 800 Hz single phase AC current, the amplitude and phase representing the relationship of magnetic North to the aircraft longitudinal axis (magnetic heading). Fig 12-2: Vertical Cross-section of Spoke 12. In order to appreciate the operation of the fluxvalve it is necessary to consider an individual spoke. The function of a spoke will be developed in a series of diagrams (Figs 12-3 to 12-10). 13. If a single coil is placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic flux passing through the coil is maximum when the axis of the coil is in line with the direction of the field, zero when the coil lies at right angles to the field, and maximum but of opposite sense relative to the coil when turned 180° from its original position. For a coil placed at an angle θ to a field of strength H (Fig 12-3) the field can be resolved into two components, one along the coil equal to H cos θ and the other at right angles to the coil equal to H sin θ. The H cos θ component is parallel to the coil and is the effective flux producing element. Therefore, the total flux passing through the coil is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the direction of the coil axis and the direction of the field. The coil output curve is shown at Fig 12-4. If the coil is in the horizontal plane with its axis parallel with the aircraft longitudinal axis, its output is affected by the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field and the flux passing through the coil is proportional to the magnetic heading of the aircraft. Fig 12-3: Magnetic Flux Components Fig 12-4: Variation of Flux with Theta 14. Unfortunately, the simple concept just described cannot be used without modification as a heading reference system for two important reasons. Firstly, the voltage induced into a coil depends FIS Book 4: Instruments 74 on the rate of change of flux. Therefore, once established on a heading, there would be no change of flux and, consequently, no induced voltage. Secondly, the output of the simple detection device would be subject to heading ambiguity, i.e. there are always two headings which cause the same induced output voltage. Therefore, the problem that must be solved is how to produce an output waveform which is proportional in some way (frequency, phase or amplitude) to the components of the Earth's field and linked with the coil. This is achieved in the fluxvalve by introducing an alternating magnetic field in addition to the static field caused by the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. 15. Fig 12-5 shows the relationship between flux density (B) and magnetizing force (H) known as the hysteresis loop for the permalloy commonly used in the legs of the flux valve spokes. Permalloy has a very high magnetic permeability (μ = B/H) and a corresponding low hysteresis loss. In the following discussion the hysteresis loop is represented by a single line curve. Fig 12-5: Hysteresis Curve for Permalloy Fig 12-6: Simple Fluxvalve Fig 12-7: The Effect of Excitation Current in the Top Leg Only 16. One spoke of the three-spoke fluxvalve is shown diagrammatically in Fig 12-6. It consists of a pair of soft iron (usually permalloy) cones each wound with a primary coil. The winding on one core is the reverse of that on the other. The AC supply is just sufficient, at peak power, to saturate magnetically each of the parallel soft iron cores. A secondary coil, wound round the two primaries, is linked with the circuit, and any change of flux through it induces a voltage and current flows. 17. Fig 12-7 shows the 400 Hz alternating flux induced in the top leg by the excitation current considering only the top leg of the spoke and the effect of the excitation. 75 Radio Magnetic Compass 18. Now considering the bottom leg only; the flux induced in this leg by the excitation current will at any instant be in the opposite direction to that induced in the top leg, i.e. the flux in the bottom leg is 180° out of phase with the flux in the top leg as shown in Fig 12-8. 19. Since the top and bottom legs are identical, the amplitudes of the flux of the two legs are equal but 180° out of phase with each other relative to the pick-off coil, which is wound round both legs. Therefore, the resultant flux cutting the pick-off coil, which is the algebraic sum of the flux in the top and bottom legs is zero as shown in Fig 12-9. Fig 12-9: The Effect of the Excitation Current in Both Legs Fig 12-8: The Effect of the Excitation Current in the Bottom Leg Only 20. If the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field (H) is now added in line with the spoke, it will induce a steady flux in both legs of the spoke which will be added to the flux due to the excitation current. The effect, as shown in Fig 12-10, will be to bias the datum for the magnetizing force, due to the excitation current, on the B-H curve by an amount equal to H. The strength of the excitation current is so arranged that the effect of the introduction of the Earth's magnetic field component is to bring the flux density curves in Fig 12-10 onto the saturation part of the hysteresis curve. The resultant flux cutting the pick-off coil, which is the algebraic sum of the fluxes in the top and bottom legs, will no longer be Fig 12-10: The Combine Effects of the Excitation Current and the Component of the Earth's Field zero but will have a resultant proportional in amplitude to heading. The emf induced in the pick-off coil FIS Book 4: Instruments 76 is proportional to the rate of change of flux cutting the coil and therefore will have a waveform approximating to a sine wave at 800 Hz, i.e. twice the frequency of the excitation current as shown in Fig 12-10. It has been found by experiment that the amplitude of the emf is proportional to H. Therefore, the emf in the pick-off coil is a measure of H, i.e. the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field in line with the spoke. This should be apparent from Fig 12-10 in that, if a greater H is detected, the excitation current is biased further from the mid-point of the hysteresis curve, and the imbalance between the upper and lower leg fluxes will increase. Therefore, a greater resultant flux exists which will induce an emf of greater amplitude in the pick-off coil. A plot of the amplitude of the pick-off coil output voltage would show that it varies as the cosine of the magnetic heading. 21. Limitations of the Simple Single Spoke Detector. It should be apparent that there are two magnetic headings corresponding to zero flux (90° and 270°) and two headings corresponding to a maximum flux. The two maximum values give the same reading on an AC voltmeter since the instrument cannot take into account the direction of the voltage. For any other value of flux (other than zero), there will be four headings corresponding to a single voltmeter reading. This ambiguity is overcome by using a fluxvalve having three spokes (each spoke similar to the single spoked device previously discussed) with 120° separation as shown in Fig 12-11. Regardless of the heading, at least two of the spokes will have a voltage induced and their vector sum points to magnetic North (Fig 12-12). The simple one-spoke detector suffers from another limitation in that the value of H changes with magnetic latitude. This produces a change in the static flux linking the spoke, even though the heading may remain unchanged. This limitation is Fig 12-11: Detector Unit and Transmission System - schematic Fig 12-12: Operation of the Three-spoke Fluxvalve Fig 12-13: Eliminating Latitude Ambiguity 77 Radio Magnetic Compass overcome in the three-spoke fluxvalve because the flux associated with each spoke will change in proportion to the change in H. The resultant field across the receiver stator is still aligned with H (Fig 12-13). 22. In the three-spoke fluxvalve a single primary coil excites all six cores. If a single arm of the fluxvalve is considered, it will be apparent that the top and the bottom of the exciter coil have opposite polarity. The flux induced in the upper core of the spoke is equal and opposite to that induced in the lower core and this is exactly the effect produced by the primary windings in the simple fluxvalve. The three arms of the fluxvalve are wound with secondary or pick-off coils which are star connected. The exciter coil is fed with 400 Hz single-phase current so that each of the three pick-off coils has an emf at 800 Hz induced in it whose amplitude is proportional to the magnetic heading of the aircraft. Each core of the fluxvalve is fitted with a flux collector horn to concentrate the Earth's lines of force through the core. This increases the static flux and therefore the induced voltage.
When a transformer winding suffers a short circuit the adjoining turns of the same winding experiences what force?
Both radial and axial forces.
What is the synonyms for encounters?
experiences, meets, faces, suffers, meets, confronts, comes across,
What happens if I plug 24 volts to 220 volts?
If you mean connecting two different voltages in parallel, you would have a "short circuit" where the 196-volt differential is dissipated in any high-resistance point in the circuit, creating a lot of heat for a very short time (as something suffers thermal runaway and catastrophic breakdown). You could get an explosion and fire. On the other hand, if you have a 24-volt DEVICE and plug it into 220 volts, the result would depend upon what kind of device it is. For instance, if it's a 120/24-volt step-down transformer and you plug in the 24 volts to 220, you will be running the transformer "backward" and create 1,100 volts at the "output". If the transformer's design does not include adequate insulation for 1,100 volts, you would have dielectric breakdown, and another possible "short circuit" when things melt and conductors touch each other.
Type of play in which a noble hero suffers?
Tragedy. It typically involves a protagonist of high moral stature who experiences a downfall or suffering due to a tragic flaw in their character.
Who suffers from climate change?
Apparently, Columbia suffers most. :o
When was The Woman Suffers created?
The Woman Suffers was created in 1918-03.
What is the duration of The Woman Suffers?
The duration of The Woman Suffers is 1.02 hours.
Nick Jonas Suffers from....?
Nick Jonas suffers from a disease called Diabetes.
In wrinkle in time how do they make sure that no one suffers on camotozos?
How do they make sure that no one suffers on Camazotz?
Who suffers from illegal music downloading?
who suffers from downloading music on sites? EVERYONE DOES EVERYONE BUT YOU.
Is suffers an adverb?
No. Suffers is a verb form. Adverb forms would include insufferably and sufferingly.
What is the medical term for someone who suffers from amnesia?
Amnesic is the medical term for a person who suffers from amnesia.
