A; Many years ago the industry established a standard of 5 volts as an operational power. This is no longer true. But the reason was is to provide bias for the inputs to establish a level of triggering and also provide noise immunity with hysteresis
For answering this question we have to consider the constant voltage drop model of the diode which says that if voltage across diode is less then its cut in voltage than assume diode to be open circuit and if it is greater then assume diode to be short circuit.Till the input voltage is less than the cut in voltage, diode is open circuit(thus no current through the circuit). Thus entire input voltage appears across the diode as output.When input voltage is greater than or equal to cut in voltage, then short circuit the diode. Thus, there will be no voltage drop across the diode as output.Thus cut in voltage decides when to consider the diode open circuit and when short circuit. It decides when the diode will have output when it will not.
Parallel circuit.
With the minor voltage loss in the wiring, the voltage drop across a single appliance is the total voltage in the circuit, and doesn't change when more devices are added in parallel.
The full circuit voltage
The voltage across a battery in a parallel circuit is equal to the voltage across each bulb because Kirchoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the signed sum of the voltages going around a series circuit adds up to zero. Each section of the parallel circuit, i.e. the battery and one bulb, constitutes a series circuit. By KVL, the voltage across the battery must be equal and opposite to the voltage across the bulb. Another way of thinking about this is to consider that the conductors joining the battery and bulbs effectively have zero ohms resistance. By Ohm's law, this means the voltage across the conductor is zero, which means the voltage across the bulb must be equal to the voltage across the battery and, of course, the same applies for all of the bulbs.
In a parallel circuit the voltage across each component is the same.
In a series circuit, the current remains constant throughout the circuit. The voltage across each component in a series circuit adds up to the total voltage of the circuit.
No, voltage is not the same in parallel circuits. Voltage is constant across components in a series circuit, but in a parallel circuit, each component has the same voltage as the power source.
Voltage is impressed across a circuit. Current flows through a circuit.
In a series circuit, the potential voltage across the circuit components adds up to the total voltage of the circuit.
Yes. The voltage across every branch of a parallel circuit is the same. (It may not be the supply voltage, if there's another component between the power supply and either or both ends of the parallel circuit.)
Depending on the circuit, 63% of the available voltage.
In a series circuit the current remains constant at any point while the voltage drops across each resistive element.
What happens to the current in a circuit as a capacitor charges depends on the circuit. As a capacitor charges, the voltage drop across it increases. In a typical circuit with a constant voltage source and a resistor charging the capacitor, then the current in the circuit will decrease logarithmically over time as the capacitor charges, with the end result that the current is zero, and the voltage across the capacitor is the same as the voltage source.
To measure voltage accurately in an electrical circuit, use a digital multimeter set to the voltage range of the circuit. Connect the multimeter's probes across the component or points where you want to measure the voltage. Read the displayed voltage value on the multimeter's screen for an accurate measurement.
In a series circuit, the current remains constant throughout the circuit, as there is only one path for it to flow. The voltage is shared among the components in the circuit, with the total voltage being equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops across each component.
The voltage across R1 would be 50 volts. This is because the voltage divider rule states that the voltage across each resistor in a series circuit is proportional to its resistance relative to the total resistance in the circuit. In this case, since both resistors are the same (20K), the voltage across each resistor will be half of the total supply voltage.