We bias the common emitter amplifier to have a collector-emitter voltage of one half of Vcc in order to set the operating point halfway between the two extremes.
In a half wave rectifier voltage across load resistance is not consistent, because for positive pulse of input voltage diode work as a forward bias i,e half wave rectifier treat as closed circuit and for negative pulse of a input voltage diode work as a reverse bias so no current flow through circuit. therefore voltage output is not consistent. In full wave rectifier two diodes are used at the both side of secondary coil of transformer. due to that for positive pulse of input voltage one diode diode work as a forward bias another as a reverse bias. for negative pulse of a input voltage second diode work as a forward bias another as a reverse bias,so consistent voltage can be provided by full wave rectifier.the nature of output voltage of half wave rectifier and full wave rectifier is that it flows through with only one polarity either in positive or negative in the circuit.
By using a voltage divider, that is two resistors of the same value in series across the DC supply. Half of the supply voltage will be at the point where the two resistors is connected. But how much wattage of those resistors is also an issue.
EFFECTIVE HOW ABOUT AVERAGE .639 of peak.AnswerThe 'effective' value of an a.c. voltage (or current) is the same as its 'root-mean-square' (r.m.s.) voltage which, for a sinusoidal waveform, is 0.707 Umax.The 'average' value of an a.c. voltage (or current) is zero over a complete cycle, or 0.639 Umax, over half a cycle (usually applied to rectified waveforms).
Peak voltage of an AC voltage is the value at its highest or lowest point.RMS (Root Mean Square) voltage of an AC voltage is a mathematical derivation involving the square root of the average value of the squares of samples of the voltage as the sample interval approaches zero.Average voltage is simply that - the average or mean voltage.For a true sine wave, RMS and average are equivalent, but they are not equivalent when the wave is distorted, or has some other shape such as triangular.RMS is the best way to measure an AC voltage, as it gives you a true reading of the amount of power that the voltage can deliver.One issue with non-RMS AC meters is that they typically measure the rectified, filtered peak value and then compensate by dividing by 1.4. This is not correct unless the voltage is a sine wave.AnswerThe peak value of an a.c. voltage or current is the amplitude of that voltage or current waveform -i.e. the maximum value of voltage or current in either the positive or the negative sense.The root-mean-square (rms) value of an a.c. voltage or current. For a sinusoidal waveform, the rms value is 0.707 times the peak value (amplitude). A.C. voltages or currents are always quoted in rms values unless otherwise specified.The average value of an a.c. voltage or current is zero over one complete cycle so, when used, it applies only over one half cycle. Therefore, the average value for one-half cycle of a sine wave is 0.637 times the peak value. Average values are of little relevance to a.c. calculations.
A sinusoidal AC waveform is divided up into 360 degrees, with the positive half and the negative half of the waveform combined into a kind of circle. The firing angle simply refers to the point on the waveform, as measured in degrees (thus 'angle') which the thyristor is triggered into conduction. Answer2: Firing angle is the phase angle of the voltage at which the scr turns on. There are two ways of turning an scr on..one is by applying a gate current or by applying a voltage across the scr until it becomes greater than the breakover voltage.... Answer3: Thyristor need gate current and voltage to make it conduct. The firing angle is the sinusoidal increasing voltage. As it rises a voltage is reached with enough power to fire to trigger the gate. That voltage is the angle considering that a sinusoidal is 360 degrees per cycle.
The transistor is a "single direction current flow" device. Typically, for an NPN device, the collector must be more positive than the emitter for the device to bias on. You could use the transistor in an AC circult, but it would only conduct on half the cycle.
rms value of voltage
By using something called a voltage divider.
I = E / RCurrent is directly proportional to voltage.If voltage is multiplied by 'X', current will be multiplied by 'X'.If voltage is divided by 'K', current will be divided by 'K'.If voltage is reduced by half, current will be reduced by half.
In this case, the peak voltage, which is half the peak to peak voltage, is 100 volts. Additionally, the half-wave rectifier will only provide an output for half the input cycle. In the case of a full wave rectifier, the RMS output voltage would be about 0.707 times the value of the peak voltage (100 volts), which would be about 70.7 volts. But with the output operating only half the time (because of the half wave rectification), the average output voltage will be half the 70.7 volts, or about 35.35 volts RMS.
The voltage doubler works by charging alternate capacitors on alternate half-cycles. Since the capacitors are in series, the voltage doubles.
It is smoothing
The current in the secondary when the voltage is twice the primary will be one half of the primary. The current in the primary when the voltage is twice the secondary will be twice the secondary.
The Peak inverse voltage (PIV) equals the peak value of the input voltage, and the diode must be capable of withstanding this amount of repetition reverse voltage. For the diode in figure, the maximum value of reverse voltage, designated as PIV, occurs at peak of each positive alternation of the input voltage when the diode is forward biased.Peak Inverse Voltage at Positive Half CycleThe Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) occurs at the peak of each half-cycle of the input voltage when the diode is forward biased . In this circuit, the PIV occurs at the peak of each positive half cycle.
Never heard of a half battery. I have heard of half battery life, meaning the battery is half charged. The voltage of any battery is the same at half charge as it is at full charge.
Common emitter is the only transistor configuration that has an 180 degree phase difference between input and output. Common base and common collector outputs are in phase with the input.***********************************That is incorrect.The output of the common emitter is inverted, there is no phase shift.
Voltage doesn't 'pass through' anything! Voltage is another word for 'potential difference', and is measured between two points in a circuit. For a transformer to work, it's necessary to apply an a.c. voltage across the transformer's primary terminals.