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In general, it means a historical catastrophe so great that it caused multiple extinctions at the same time (or in a very short period of time) affecting multiple species of animals and plants, often across several ecosystems.

One well-known example is the meteor impact of 65.5 million years ago, which wiped out almost all the dinosaurs and other large creatures, all over the Earth. But that wasn't even the biggest extinction event: that would be the Great Dying of 251 million years ago, when 95% of marine species, and 70% of land species, disappeared in a geological blink of an eye.

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