Assembly
C
Fortran
Python
Ruby
Java
C++
LISP
Haskell
The three primitive logic structures in programming are selection, loop and sequence. Any algorithm can be written using just these three structures.
High-level programming languages can be categorized into several types, including procedural programming languages (like C and Pascal), which focus on a sequence of actions or procedures; object-oriented programming languages (like Java and Python), which emphasize objects and classes; functional programming languages (like Haskell and Scala), which treat computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions; and scripting languages (like JavaScript and Ruby), which are often used for automating tasks and web development. Each type has its unique features and use cases, catering to different programming paradigms and developer needs.
High level languages Mid Level Languages Low level languages High level languages: cobol, fortran etc Mid level languages: C, C++ Low level languages: assembly language
What computer directly recognizes is plain machine code in over words sequence of 0 and 1, which in programming field mostly is displayed in HEX (base 16) system. Sequence or bits: 10110000 00101001 (HEX: B0 29) in x86 architecture is understood as moving value 0x29 to AL register. In assembly language it would look like: MOV AL, 0x29 Where 0x29 is 41 in decimal. But the first generation of languages was Assembler (Or just "A", later followed by "B" (used for writing Unix system), "C" (now one of the widely used), now we have "D" language (mix of C++/JAVA/C#) coming). To summarize, computer understand sequence of bits, while first generation of programming languages (low-level programming) was Assembler.
Because it forces the program sequence to go to another place in the program, just as if jumping across somewhere. This goto is found in most programming languages.
The three primitive logic structures in programming are selection, loop and sequence. Any algorithm can be written using just these three structures.
High-level programming languages can be categorized into several types, including procedural programming languages (like C and Pascal), which focus on a sequence of actions or procedures; object-oriented programming languages (like Java and Python), which emphasize objects and classes; functional programming languages (like Haskell and Scala), which treat computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions; and scripting languages (like JavaScript and Ruby), which are often used for automating tasks and web development. Each type has its unique features and use cases, catering to different programming paradigms and developer needs.
High level languages Mid Level Languages Low level languages High level languages: cobol, fortran etc Mid level languages: C, C++ Low level languages: assembly language
What computer directly recognizes is plain machine code in over words sequence of 0 and 1, which in programming field mostly is displayed in HEX (base 16) system. Sequence or bits: 10110000 00101001 (HEX: B0 29) in x86 architecture is understood as moving value 0x29 to AL register. In assembly language it would look like: MOV AL, 0x29 Where 0x29 is 41 in decimal. But the first generation of languages was Assembler (Or just "A", later followed by "B" (used for writing Unix system), "C" (now one of the widely used), now we have "D" language (mix of C++/JAVA/C#) coming). To summarize, computer understand sequence of bits, while first generation of programming languages (low-level programming) was Assembler.
In programming languages, a string scalar is a sequence of characters. To define a string scalar, you enclose the characters in quotation marks. To manipulate a string scalar, you can perform operations like concatenation (joining strings together), slicing (extracting a portion of the string), and searching for specific characters or substrings within the string.
Because it forces the program sequence to go to another place in the program, just as if jumping across somewhere. This goto is found in most programming languages.
A sequence of instructions that tells the computer what to do is known as a program. Programs are typically written in programming languages and can range from simple scripts to complex applications. They enable computers to perform specific tasks or solve problems by executing the defined instructions.
In programming, a sequence refers to a specific order in which operations, statements, or instructions are executed. It represents a linear flow of control, where each step is processed one after the other, following the sequence defined by the code. This structure is fundamental in programming, as it determines how data is manipulated and how outcomes are produced.
It means using only three structure when programming: sequence, selection, repetition.
idea.
If you're talking about "traditional" AI programming languages like LISP and Prolog, the essential difference boils down to the language's ruling metaphor.Most standard programming languages operate on a principle of sequential and/or branching instruction execution.OTOH, the LISt Processing language (LIST) encourages its programmers to view everything (all solutions to programming problems) in the form of one or many lists.Prolog is perhaps the furthest evolution to date away from the standard, sequential-instruction programming model: in Prolog, the programmer does not explicitly spell out the sequence of operations (a.k.a., "procedure," hence "procedural languages") needed to solve a problem; instead, the problem is simply declared (hence, "declarative language"), and the language itself (or rather the engine implementing it) seeks out the solution.Nowadays, though, you'll find AI being implemented in any number of standard procedural languages -- C++, Java, even scripting languages like Perl and Python.
The type of programming centered on procedures or actions is known as procedural programming. In this paradigm, the focus is on creating procedures or routines that operate on data, allowing for a structured approach to problem-solving. Languages such as C, Pascal, and Fortran exemplify this approach, emphasizing a sequence of statements and control structures to dictate the flow of the program.