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Pneumatic system is operated by compressed air while hydraulic system is operated with pressurised hydraulic oil

or any type viscous oil.

Hydraulic systems can usually produce higher control forces and work under extreme

operating conditions. This is the system that is primarily used on aircraft to move

control surfaces and engine controls.

You can often classify pneumatic systems because they have a pump (gas pump) and

hydraulic systems have a piston.

That is the difference. Also, pneumatic systems are louder because it is a gas under pressure.

1. By definition, hydraulics is used in controlling or harnessing power

with the use of pressurized fluids whereas pneumatics studies how pressurized

gases influences mechanical motion or movement.

2. Hydraulics uses an incompressible fluid medium like oil whereas pneumatics

uses a compressible gas like air.

3. Hydraulic applications demand greater pressures during operations that reach

thousands of pounds per square inch whereas pneumatic applications only

require 100 psi pressures more or less.

4. Most hydraulic applications generally use bigger components that pneumatic applications.

5. Hydraulic systems are generally more difficult to operate compared to pneumatic applications

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