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A structure oriented language is one, which should the following structure as Documentation Section, Link section, Definition Section, Global declaration section and Functions(including Main functions) in an hierarchical order. This order cannot be interchanged, but structure oriented language like C can have these sections as optional. Correct me if am wrong, Neela.T
A "pure object oriented language" is one where every thing in it is treated on a consistent basis as on object, including elementary data types such as an integer. Since C++ treats elementary objects differently than classes, it does not meet the formal definition as a "pure ...".
External variables, or global variables, are generally frowned upon because any code with access to the variables can alter the variables in unexpected ways. Object oriented programming addresses this problem by allowing programmers to encapsulate those variables into an object (often a singleton object) which provides far greater control over how those variables may be altered.
Object-oriented programming is a programming aid. It is not required, but it does make programming substantially easier. Machine code is "spaghetti" in nature and is extremely difficult and tedious to write. Structured programming makes it much easier to produce machine code, but structured programming is often highly repetitive. Duplicate code is problematic in that if you wish to change the code you have to locate all duplications and change those as well. If not done properly it can lead to inconsistencies. Also, most data is in global scope and global data is notoriously difficult to keep track of. Procedural programming is an extension of structured programming that allows programmers to break code down into a sequence of simple procedures or functions known as subroutines, allowing data to become more localised, passing from function to function. This also helps reduce code duplication to a degree. However, the programmer still has no control over which function may modify which data, which can make it difficult to maintain invariants. Object-oriented programming extends procedural programming by encapsulating data and the methods that operate upon that data into self-contained entities known as objects, each of which has its own interface. The interface defines an object's invariant and gives the programmer fine-grained control over accessibility. New object types (classes) can inherit from existing types as well as embed existing types, greatly reducing the need for code duplication and allowing the programmer to construct elaborate data models more easily.
Object Oriented programming is a superset of structured programming. Structured programming is as follows:--Program startvarvarvarfunction { ... }function { ... }function { ... }main { ... }--- Program EndYou have units of code, which operate on variables, and are called in reference to those variables, to follow a structure acting on those variables.Object oriented is as follows:--- Program Startobject {varvarfunction { ... }function { ... }function { ... }}varvarfunction { ... }main { ... }--- Program endVariables can be objects, which have their own data and functions. Think like C and structures, except structures can have functions "in them" which operate specificly on their own data. Thus, instead of referencing a function (a block of code) and telling it to operate on a variableq you reference an object and tell it to perform an operation, most often on itself, specific to itself, using its own data. Instead of creating units of data to pass to functions which operate on them, you create objects and have them perform operations [on themselves].Functions attached to objects don't need a specific name; rather than task_struct_sort_children(task) and acl_rules_struct_sort_children(task), you can have task and acl_rules with task->sort_children() and acl_rules->sort_children(), which have completely different specific function but the same logical function, and operate on the specific instance of the object.structured oriented programming and object oriented programming have some features of similarities, but the distinction between the two is that the former relies to the GOTO statements thus the developer has a tendency to confuse while the latter is subgrouped from objects, classes, methods and hierarchies.
A structure oriented language is one, which should the following structure as Documentation Section, Link section, Definition Section, Global declaration section and Functions(including Main functions) in an hierarchical order. This order cannot be interchanged, but structure oriented language like C can have these sections as optional. Correct me if am wrong, Neela.T
It's Global Organization Of Object Oriented Group Language Of Earth.
A "pure object oriented language" is one where every thing in it is treated on a consistent basis as on object, including elementary data types such as an integer. Since C++ treats elementary objects differently than classes, it does not meet the formal definition as a "pure ...".
The procedure oriented programming (POP) approach focuses on creating and ordering procedures or a block of code keeping in mind to accomplish a specific job. The key features of this kind of approach are: use of procedures, sequencing of procedures and sharing global data.
External variables, or global variables, are generally frowned upon because any code with access to the variables can alter the variables in unexpected ways. Object oriented programming addresses this problem by allowing programmers to encapsulate those variables into an object (often a singleton object) which provides far greater control over how those variables may be altered.
Object-oriented programming is a programming aid. It is not required, but it does make programming substantially easier. Machine code is "spaghetti" in nature and is extremely difficult and tedious to write. Structured programming makes it much easier to produce machine code, but structured programming is often highly repetitive. Duplicate code is problematic in that if you wish to change the code you have to locate all duplications and change those as well. If not done properly it can lead to inconsistencies. Also, most data is in global scope and global data is notoriously difficult to keep track of. Procedural programming is an extension of structured programming that allows programmers to break code down into a sequence of simple procedures or functions known as subroutines, allowing data to become more localised, passing from function to function. This also helps reduce code duplication to a degree. However, the programmer still has no control over which function may modify which data, which can make it difficult to maintain invariants. Object-oriented programming extends procedural programming by encapsulating data and the methods that operate upon that data into self-contained entities known as objects, each of which has its own interface. The interface defines an object's invariant and gives the programmer fine-grained control over accessibility. New object types (classes) can inherit from existing types as well as embed existing types, greatly reducing the need for code duplication and allowing the programmer to construct elaborate data models more easily.
Global Organization of Oriented Global Language on Earth
Object Oriented programming is a superset of structured programming. Structured programming is as follows:--Program startvarvarvarfunction { ... }function { ... }function { ... }main { ... }--- Program EndYou have units of code, which operate on variables, and are called in reference to those variables, to follow a structure acting on those variables.Object oriented is as follows:--- Program Startobject {varvarfunction { ... }function { ... }function { ... }}varvarfunction { ... }main { ... }--- Program endVariables can be objects, which have their own data and functions. Think like C and structures, except structures can have functions "in them" which operate specificly on their own data. Thus, instead of referencing a function (a block of code) and telling it to operate on a variableq you reference an object and tell it to perform an operation, most often on itself, specific to itself, using its own data. Instead of creating units of data to pass to functions which operate on them, you create objects and have them perform operations [on themselves].Functions attached to objects don't need a specific name; rather than task_struct_sort_children(task) and acl_rules_struct_sort_children(task), you can have task and acl_rules with task->sort_children() and acl_rules->sort_children(), which have completely different specific function but the same logical function, and operate on the specific instance of the object.structured oriented programming and object oriented programming have some features of similarities, but the distinction between the two is that the former relies to the GOTO statements thus the developer has a tendency to confuse while the latter is subgrouped from objects, classes, methods and hierarchies.
In POP, importance is given to the sequence of things to be done i.e. algorithms and in OOP, importance is given to the data.In POP, larger programs are divided into functions and in OOP, larger programs are divided into objects.In POP, most functions share global data i.e data move freely around the system from function to function. In OOP mostly the data is private and only functions inside the object can access the data.POP follows a top down approach in problem solving while OOP follows a bottom up approach.In POP, adding of data and function is difficult and in OOP it is easy.In POP, there is no access specifier and in OOP there are public, private and protected specifier.In POP, operator cannot be overloaded and in OOP operator can be overloaded.In POP, Data moves openly around the system from function to function, In OOP objects communicate with each other through member functions.
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Instance variables are not global nor local variables.Variables in OOP are different from the counter parts in COBOL, FORTRAN, or C.To define any variable in OOP, it must be defined within a class/struct, at instance or class level (static in C# or shared in VB.NET).local variables usually referred to those defined within a method (of a class, instance-level or class-level) in OOP (object oriented programming).global variables, to define one in OOP is difficult and violate the object oriented design principle. However, the singleton design pattern does address this issue.Singleton pattern guarantees that the same instance (of that class) being the only one lives within your application (and globally accessible to that same instance), and hence the variables defined within this singleton may be treated as "global" variables
Global objects are objects made in programming that can be accessed anywhere in the program for Example in c++ #include<fstream.h> struct test { int rno; char name; }object1; //Global Object Declaration void main() { object.rno=26; //Can be accessed } object.rno=389; //Can be accessed