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Arrays use less. They provide the most compact storage container for data of the same type. Whether the container is a list or an array, the strings consume the same amount of memory. However, an array only consumes one word per string whereas a list consumes at least two words per node, one to refer to the string and another to refer to the next node in the list, plus at least one word to refer to the head of the list. A doubly-linked list uses three words per node, plus two words to refer to the head and tail, plus a count of the nodes.
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How do you sort a list of strings alphabetically using a two-dimensional character array?
Firstly you must determine the longest string in the list and allocate an array to accommodate it. This may incur a lot of wasted memory, especially if you have a particularly long string amongst hundreds or thousands of very short strings. A more efficient method would be to create a one-dimensional array of pointers to null-terminated strings. This has the advantage that you do not need to copy or move the strings, only the pointers need be sorted, and the strings can reside anywhere in memory -- they needn't be in contiguous memory as they would in a two-dimensional character array. Regardless, once you've got your array, there are many different algorithms you can employ to sort it. Some are better than others. For short lists up to perhaps 20 items, a Bubble Sort is ideal and is by far the simplest to implement. For larger lists, you should consider more efficient sorting algorithms, such as Quick Sort and Merge Sort. See the related link below for a comprehensive list and table of comparisons. You will also find example code and full explanations on each algorithm, including pros and cons of each.
Why dont you write ampersand while using strings in scanf?
scanf() is an input function.It takes an input from the user and store it in a variable.Since "&" is a reference operator and it represents the memory location of the variable.String is a type of array and an array consumes more than one memory address.It is obvious that no need to use "&" operator for an entire array.For an individual data type like int , char , float etc , "&" is needed but for an array no need to use "&".
Advantage of linked list over array?
The only real advantage a linked list has over an array is that it can grow much more efficiently, however this is only guaranteed when new elements are inserted at the head or the tail of the list where you have constant time access. Constant time random access is not possible, thus insertions within the body of the list may be slower than for an array because of the need to traverse to the insertion point. However an array must reallocate in order to make room for new elements which may result in the entire array being moved to new memory. This can be minimised by reserving memory in advance. But, more importantly, all elements from the insertion point must be moved forward in the array in order to make a gap for new elements. Thus inserting into an array can often be slower than for a list, particularly if the elements do not support move semantics (they must be copied instead). If you plan on performing many such insertions, then a list will probably be quicker overall because there is no need to move elements around in memory. However, if you require random access and compact storage, use an array instead and reserve as many elements as you require for your insertions.
Manupulating strings and arrays together in c plus plus?
A string is an array; an array of character data types (char or wchar_t). Therefore anything you can do with an array you can also do with a string. C does not have a built-in type for either an array or a string, but C++ does. In C, the programmer was entirely responsible for managing the memory allocated to an array. Built-in functions allowed us to determine the length of a null-terminated string, append strings, or alter the amount of memory allocated to an array, but the functions and the arrays were entirely separate. With C++, std::vector and std::string objects allow us to manipulate dynamic arrays and variable length strings, respectively, without having to worry about the underlying memory allocations. Since all the required methods are encapsulated within the objects themselves, they are much easier to work with. For instance, in C, if we wanted to determine the length of a string we might call the strlen function: char* str = "Hello world!"; unsigned size = strlen (str); Arrays are a bit more difficult in that we must maintain a separate variable to keep track of an array's length: unsigned size = 10; int* arr = malloc(size); size = 11; arr = realloc(arr, size); In C++, strings and arrays know their own length, so we don't need to call external functions or maintain separate variables: std::string str = "Hello world!"; std::cout << '"' << str << '"' << " has " << str.size() << " characters\n"; std::vector<int> vect(10,0); std::cout << "vect has " << vect.size() << " elements\n"; A vector of strings allows us to manipulate strings and vectors together. A vector of strings is essentially a two-dimensional dynamic array where each row is a string, and every string can have different lengths. The following therefore creates a vector with 10 empty strings: std::vector< std::string > vstrings (10, ""); We can then manipulate each of the individual strings in the array: vstrings[0] = "Hello world!"; vstrings[1] = "Another string."; vstrings[2] = "The third string."; ... vstrings[9] = "The string to end all strings."; Each of these strings is a different length. With a traditional two-dimensional array each row would be the same length. In this case we'd need at least a 10 x 31 array (including null-terminators), which wastes memory when any string is less than 30 characters long. The only way to resolve this is to use a one-dimensional array of pointers to strings instead. Vectors of strings do the same thing, but they are much easier to work with since all memory management is handled by the objects themselves.
Which is faster array or arraylist?
Array Lists and Arrays can be compared to one another. Actually an Array List is nothing but a growable array that provides us with a lot more features than traditional Arrays. Apart from this - they are both same - used to hold a group of java objects.
What is difference between array list and character list?
An array list is a collection of one or more (usually more) elements arranged in memory in a consecutive fashion, accessed as one indexable entity. The character list consists of only characters.
How do you sort a list of strings alphabetically using a two-dimensional character array?
Firstly you must determine the longest string in the list and allocate an array to accommodate it. This may incur a lot of wasted memory, especially if you have a particularly long string amongst hundreds or thousands of very short strings. A more efficient method would be to create a one-dimensional array of pointers to null-terminated strings. This has the advantage that you do not need to copy or move the strings, only the pointers need be sorted, and the strings can reside anywhere in memory -- they needn't be in contiguous memory as they would in a two-dimensional character array. Regardless, once you've got your array, there are many different algorithms you can employ to sort it. Some are better than others. For short lists up to perhaps 20 items, a Bubble Sort is ideal and is by far the simplest to implement. For larger lists, you should consider more efficient sorting algorithms, such as Quick Sort and Merge Sort. See the related link below for a comprehensive list and table of comparisons. You will also find example code and full explanations on each algorithm, including pros and cons of each.
Why dont you write ampersand while using strings in scanf?
scanf() is an input function.It takes an input from the user and store it in a variable.Since "&" is a reference operator and it represents the memory location of the variable.String is a type of array and an array consumes more than one memory address.It is obvious that no need to use "&" operator for an entire array.For an individual data type like int , char , float etc , "&" is needed but for an array no need to use "&".
What are the benefits of an array?
The major benefit of an array is that it provides constant time random access to any element in the array. For static arrays (fixed size), memory consumption is also optimal. Dynamic arrays can be just as optimal in terms of memory consumption, however, performance will suffer whenever the array needs to be re-allocated and/or elements need to be moved within the array. Allocating several elements at a time can alleviate much of this problem, however memory consumption becomes less than optimal. Where random access is not an issue, list structures are more beneficial in terms of both performance and memory consumption.
Advantage of linked list over array?
The only real advantage a linked list has over an array is that it can grow much more efficiently, however this is only guaranteed when new elements are inserted at the head or the tail of the list where you have constant time access. Constant time random access is not possible, thus insertions within the body of the list may be slower than for an array because of the need to traverse to the insertion point. However an array must reallocate in order to make room for new elements which may result in the entire array being moved to new memory. This can be minimised by reserving memory in advance. But, more importantly, all elements from the insertion point must be moved forward in the array in order to make a gap for new elements. Thus inserting into an array can often be slower than for a list, particularly if the elements do not support move semantics (they must be copied instead). If you plan on performing many such insertions, then a list will probably be quicker overall because there is no need to move elements around in memory. However, if you require random access and compact storage, use an array instead and reserve as many elements as you require for your insertions.
Explain the different types of array in C programming?
An array is an array. It is simply an arrangement of one (usually two) or more objects located sequentially in memory. You can address them with one or more indicies or pointers as desired, i.e. you can treat them as a list, as a rectangular matrix, as a cubical thing, or more, but they are still, in memory, a compact list of objects, one after the other. You can have arrays of simple scalar variables, of structures, of classes, even of other arrays, whatever you want, to any arbitrary complexity, but it still comes down to "how many do you want?" - "here they are - all next to each other". There is a tendency, for instance, to think that an array of char, because it looks like a string, is different (philosophically) than an array of double. It is not. We treat it as string by convention. It is still an array, and each character is simply a different element of the array.
Manupulating strings and arrays together in c plus plus?
A string is an array; an array of character data types (char or wchar_t). Therefore anything you can do with an array you can also do with a string. C does not have a built-in type for either an array or a string, but C++ does. In C, the programmer was entirely responsible for managing the memory allocated to an array. Built-in functions allowed us to determine the length of a null-terminated string, append strings, or alter the amount of memory allocated to an array, but the functions and the arrays were entirely separate. With C++, std::vector and std::string objects allow us to manipulate dynamic arrays and variable length strings, respectively, without having to worry about the underlying memory allocations. Since all the required methods are encapsulated within the objects themselves, they are much easier to work with. For instance, in C, if we wanted to determine the length of a string we might call the strlen function: char* str = "Hello world!"; unsigned size = strlen (str); Arrays are a bit more difficult in that we must maintain a separate variable to keep track of an array's length: unsigned size = 10; int* arr = malloc(size); size = 11; arr = realloc(arr, size); In C++, strings and arrays know their own length, so we don't need to call external functions or maintain separate variables: std::string str = "Hello world!"; std::cout << '"' << str << '"' << " has " << str.size() << " characters\n"; std::vector<int> vect(10,0); std::cout << "vect has " << vect.size() << " elements\n"; A vector of strings allows us to manipulate strings and vectors together. A vector of strings is essentially a two-dimensional dynamic array where each row is a string, and every string can have different lengths. The following therefore creates a vector with 10 empty strings: std::vector< std::string > vstrings (10, ""); We can then manipulate each of the individual strings in the array: vstrings[0] = "Hello world!"; vstrings[1] = "Another string."; vstrings[2] = "The third string."; ... vstrings[9] = "The string to end all strings."; Each of these strings is a different length. With a traditional two-dimensional array each row would be the same length. In this case we'd need at least a 10 x 31 array (including null-terminators), which wastes memory when any string is less than 30 characters long. The only way to resolve this is to use a one-dimensional array of pointers to strings instead. Vectors of strings do the same thing, but they are much easier to work with since all memory management is handled by the objects themselves.
What is single dimentional?
A single dimension array is an array with one dimension. It is a collection in memory of one or more elements of the same type. int array[100]; declares an array of int's of size 100 elements. The elements are referenced as array[0], the first one, through array[99], the last one.
Which is faster array or arraylist?
Array Lists and Arrays can be compared to one another. Actually an Array List is nothing but a growable array that provides us with a lot more features than traditional Arrays. Apart from this - they are both same - used to hold a group of java objects.
Differencs link list and array?
An array is a contiguous section of computer memory that contains elements of equal size. A linked list are non-contiguous sections of memory that contain data that is dynamically allocated and released as necessary. Arrays are fixed in size. Changing the size requires significant processing power. They are quick to retrieve an element by index in the array. Finding elements in the array requires less code, and so is also faster. They also use less memory, since only one memory "pointer" is needed to locate the entire array. Arrays are best used when there are many elements and the overall size of the array will not change often. Linked lists are variable in size. Changing the size requires virtually no processing power relative to arrays. Finding an element by index requires significant processing power. They use more memory, as each element requires at least one additional "pointer" to locate another node (some use two). Linked lists are best used when there are a limited number of elements that will be fairly often added and removed in a way that would incur the array's high cost of resizing itself frequently.
What are the merits and demerits of array based implementation over linked implementation?
The merits of an array are that it provides the most compact storage mechanism of any data container, and enables constant-time, random access to that data. The demerits are that insertions and extractions can be costly in terms of performance due to the need to copy/move elements within the array. For large arrays, the cost can become prohibitive. Also, arrays can only be used to store elements of the same type.
How to compare two array list when one array list always fluctuate rows?
I am creating one array list and attempting to equals to another array list, the reader through CSV file. CSV row is not in the same order, changing everything when downloading. I tried with equals and compare to but both fail due to row fluctuations. How do I compare? Apart from row number, everything is the same . For more Information Subscribe to our page - softwaretestingboard
