Nothing really leads to Down syndrome, it is just an extra chromosome in the 21st pair. (otherwise known as Trisomy 21)
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Genetic variation, which can lead to evoloution, and then potentially a new species.
Random mutations in an organism's DNA after reproduction.what lead to variations
Sickle cell
During crossing-over, the genetic material from homologous chromosomes is swapped. This leads to a recombination of the genes. Simple example: Originally - ABCD alleles on one and abcd on the other. After crossing over - ABCd and abcD This creates offspring with non-parental phenotypes (traits), which are known as recombinants.
nondysjunction, which leads to a genetic disorder known as trisomy 23, or down syndrome.
# They are SO numerous: Angelman's syndrome, Huntington's Disease, Hemophilia, Turner Syndrome, Tay-Schs disease, sickle cell anemia, Praeder-Willi Syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Klinefelter syndrome, phenylketonuria, Down's Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis, celiac disease, color blindness, cri du chat, Canavan disease, Duchenne muscular distrophy, Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, achondroplasia and many, many more.
it leads to death
An extra chromosome can cause genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. This leads to developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and certain physical characteristics.
The oldest known individual with Zellweger syndrome lived into their late 30s. Zellweger syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that typically leads to severe physical and developmental disabilities, with most individuals succumbing to complications in infancy or early childhood.
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it leads to death
"Korsakov's Syndrome" is a brain disorder caused by the lack of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the brain.
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Nondisjunction.
Polydactyly is a genetic disorder which leads to one having six fingers or toes. This is also known as hexadactyly. It is caused by an autosomal dominant gene. ~ Poly = many dactly = fingers and toes. Polydactyly means more than the usual number of fingers and/or toes. Some cases can be genetic but most are not and there can be any number (not necessarily 6).
A human embryo with 3 copies of chromosome 21 has trisomy 21, which leads to Down syndrome. This genetic condition is characterized by intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and an increased risk of other health issues such as heart defects and Alzheimer's disease.