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The term, 'percentage impedance', is a little misleading, as it is defined as 'the value of primary voltage that will cause rated current to flow in the secondary winding, expressed as a percentage of the rated primary voltage'.

So, the test is carried out as follows: the secondary winding is short-circuited through an ammeter capable of reading the rated secondary current. A variable voltage is applied to the primary winding. The primary voltage is gradually increased until the ammeter indicates rated secondary current. That primary voltage is then expressed as a percentage of the rated primary voltage -and that value is the transformer's 'percentage impedance'.

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