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A compiler translates high-level programming code into machine code through several key stages. It first performs lexical analysis to break the code into tokens, followed by syntax analysis to create an abstract syntax tree (AST) representing the code's grammatical structure. Next, semantic analysis checks for logical consistency, and the intermediate representation (IR) is generated. Finally, the compiler optimizes the IR and translates it into target machine code, producing an executable file that the computer can run.

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3d ago

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