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How do you calculate minimum bandwidth that a signal requires PSK?

To calculate the minimum bandwidth required for a Phase Shift Keying (PSK) signal, you can use the formula: ( B = \frac{R}{2} ) for binary PSK (BPSK), where ( B ) is the bandwidth and ( R ) is the data rate in bits per second. For higher-order PSK, such as QPSK or 8-PSK, the bandwidth can be calculated as ( B = \frac{R}{k} ), where ( k ) is the number of bits per symbol. Additionally, considering the required filtering and the Nyquist bandwidth, the actual bandwidth may be slightly wider to accommodate spectral shaping.


What is the percent signal corresponding to an 11.3 mA signal?

To calculate the percent signal from a given current, you typically need a reference value, often the maximum current for a 100% signal. Assuming a common reference maximum of 20 mA (used in many industrial applications), you can calculate the percent signal as follows: [ \text{Percent Signal} = \left( \frac{11.3 , \text{mA}}{20 , \text{mA}} \right) \times 100 = 56.5% ] Thus, an 11.3 mA signal corresponds to approximately 56.5%.


How is it possible to represent a complex exponential signal with a frequency of 20Hz using a sampling frequency of 30Hz?

A 20Hz signal must be sampled at a minimum of 40Hz to have a chance of sampling both peaks and to get a reasonable representation it must be sampled at a minimum of 100Hz.For a sampling rate of 30Hz the Nyquist frequency is 15Hz and since 20Hz is above that it will generate the alias signal of 10Hz in the sampled data instead of the original signal of 20Hz. Therefore it is not possible to do what you ask.


Why small signal equivalent model is needed?

to calculate and measure the impedance ,admittance is simple


How do you calculate Minimum reinforcement?

By using IS code(456-2000) for reinforced cement concrete.

Related Questions

What is minimum detectable signal in a radar system?

The minimum detectable signal in a radar system is the weakest signal that the system can detect reliably against background noise. It is determined by the receiver's sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. A lower minimum detectable signal indicates that the radar system can detect weaker signals.


Which type of signal oscillated between maximum and minimum values overtime?

A sinusoidal signal.


Is there a minimum pulse width required for the interrupt signal?

no


Meaning of Discernable?

The correct spelling is discernible instead of discernable. Discernible means to be perceptible or noticeable. It means being visible or recognizable.


How do you calculate the maximum and minimum possible for total mass?

minimum is less


How does tracking devices work?

by broadcasting a radio signal. The signal is picked up by a minimum of 3 satellites, which by triangulation can determine where the signal is coming from.


Calculate the capacity of a telephone channel of 3000hz and signal to noise ratio of 3162?

Calculate the capacity of a telephone channel of 3000hz and signal to noise ratio of 3162?


Why the non- discernable deformity of mr. hyde?

yo.yo.yo


How do you calculate Signal to Noise ratio?

It can be calculated by simplifying the ratio between power of signal by power of noise


What is the minimum sample rate for a signal frequency of 4kHz?

df


How do you calculate minimum bandwidth that a signal requires PSK?

To calculate the minimum bandwidth required for a Phase Shift Keying (PSK) signal, you can use the formula: ( B = \frac{R}{2} ) for binary PSK (BPSK), where ( B ) is the bandwidth and ( R ) is the data rate in bits per second. For higher-order PSK, such as QPSK or 8-PSK, the bandwidth can be calculated as ( B = \frac{R}{k} ), where ( k ) is the number of bits per symbol. Additionally, considering the required filtering and the Nyquist bandwidth, the actual bandwidth may be slightly wider to accommodate spectral shaping.


Why you called minimum shift keying as minimum?

Because as it is equivalent to FSK with lowest modulation index "h" , such that the signal elements are still orthogonal,