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The extension of a spring is in direct proportion with the load added to it as long as this load does not exceed the elastic limit.

F = -kx

where

F is the restoring force exerted by the material (in SI units: N);

x is the displacement of the end of the spring from its equilibrium position (in SI units: m);

k is the force constant (or spring constant) (in SI units: N·m-1 or kgs-2).

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