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A binary search on a random-access file is performed much in the same way as a binary search in memory is performed, with the exception that instead of pointers to items in memory file seek operations are used to locate individual items within the file, then load into memory for further examination.

The key aspects of the binary search algorithm do not depend on the specifics of the set of searchable items: the set is expected to be sorted, and it must be possible to determine an order between any two items A and B. Finally, the binary search algorithm requires that the set of searchable items is finite in size, and of a known size.

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