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To swap the values of two variables, x and y, using a temporary variable t:

t = x;

x = y;

y = t;

To implement this algorithm as a function, the variables must be passed by reference. For efficiency, particularly with large or complex objects that are expensive to copy, use move semantics. The C++ standard library provides the following implementation (since C++11):

namespace std {

template<typename T>

void swap (T&& x, T&& y) {

T t = std::move (x);

x = std::move (y);

y = std::move (t);

}

};

The C++ standard library swap function (std::swap) uses the above implementation (since C++11). If a type does not support the move semantic, copy semantics will be used instead.

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