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Air cylinder or air rams consists of a tube with a sealed base, a piston attached to a rod and a gland to seal the tube and rod where the rod exits the barrel. This assembly is called the cylinder or ram.

The ram is ported in the top and bottom to allow pressurized air to enter and exit the cylinder. This moves the piston which is attached to the rod and created the movement.

Cylinders are usually stationary at one end and the rod is attached to a moving part. This is called a double-acting cylinder because pressurized air can be let into both sides of the cylinder to create movement.

A single-acting cylinder relies on gravity to extend or retract it as it is only ported on either the top or bottom side of the cylinder.

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