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The shape of graphite in cast irons has the following

basic forms:

(a) Flakes. Graphite flakes have sharp edges

which act as stress raisers in tension.

This shape makes cast iron low in tensile

strength and ductility, but it still has high

compressive strength. On the other hand,

the flakes also act as vibration dampers,

a characteristic important in damping of

machine-tool bases and other structures.

(b) Nodules. Graphite can form nodules or

spheroids when magnesium or cerium is added to the melt. This form has increased ductility, strength, and shock resistance

compared to flakes, but the damping

ability is reduced.

(c) Clusters. Graphite clusters are much like

nodules, except that they form from the

breakdown of white cast iron upon annealing.

Clusters have properties that are basically

similar to flakes.

(d) Compacted flakes. These are short and

thick flakes with rounded edges. This form

has properties that are between nodular

and flake graphite.

© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

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