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Energy efficiency is the proportion of energy available in the fuel that turns up as useful energy to the user.

In a car the energy efficiency is 20-25%, which means that 75% of the chemical energy of the fuel is wasted in friction and in the heat of the exhaust gases discharged into the atmosphere.

The most efficent gas-powered power plants have an efficiency of 50% which means that half of the available energy is wasted.

These figures can only be improved by using even higher temperatures and pressures in the machines, which is difficult because of limitations in the materials used.

One approach is to use renewable methods of generating power, such as hydro power, solar power and wind power, as well as wave power and tidal power. These methods are not particularly more efficient, but they do avoid the generation of harmful CO2 that occurs when carbon is burned as a fuel.

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