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When an electric current flows through a purely resistive load, the temperature of that load increases above that of the surroundings, and energy is lost through heat transfer. This energy loss is permanent and, in AC circuits, the rate of this loss is referred to as true power which is measured in watts.

When an AC current passes through a purely inductive load, energy is temporarily stored in its magnetic field during the first quarter cycle, then returned to the circuit during the second quarter cycle -with this being repeated for subsequent quarter cycles. The rate at which this energy is stored/returned is referred to as reactive power which is measured in reactive volt amperes. A similar process happens in a purely capacitive load, with the energy alternatively stored and released in the load's electric field.

In 'real' circuits, which combine resistance with reactance, we have both real power which measures the rate of loss of energy through heat transfer PLUS reactive power which measures the rate of storage/release of energy. The combination of true power and reactive power is called apparent power measured in volt amperes. Apparent power is not the algebraic sum of true power and reactive power but, rather, the vector sum of the two.

When we measure the 'power' of an electric motor, we are actually measuring its true power -so we express a motor's 'power' in watts. Horsepower is the Imperial unit of measurement of true power. For this reason, we cannot really equate horsepower to apparent power (expressed in volt amperes). So this question should really be asking "How many kilowatts equate to 220 horsepower?"

Well, since 0.746 kilowatts is the same as one horsepower, there must be (0.746 x 220) kilowatts equivalent to 220 horsepower. So, 220 horsepower equates to 164.12 kW.

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