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What is hardware stack and software stack?

hardware stack - a stack implemented in and entirely managed by hardware, this stack will have dedicated memory and registers in the physical hardware of the system.software stack - a stack implemented with and entirely managed by software, this stack will use a small piece of main RAM and variables declared in the program software (making it much easier to modify if necessary than a hardware stack).


How do you pop out the smallest element from a stack?

You don't. A stack is a last in first out (LIFO) structure so you only have access to the top element in the stack. If you want to locate the smallest element in the stack, you need to pop everything off the stack in order to find it, at which point the stack is completely ruined. The only way to restore a stack is to push every element onto another stack as they are popped off. The other stack will then be the reverse of the original, so you just repeat the process to transfer the elements back to the original stack. You should really be asking why you are using a stack in the first place if the intent is to remove an element other than the top element. A forward list would be a much better option.


What is implicit stack?

A stack created by the user or a programmer is an implicit stack


What is Usage of stack register?

The stack register points to the top of the stack for the currently executing thread. The stack is a fixed-length memory allocation at the bottom of addressable memory (highest available address). The stack extends upwards into lower addresses. To keep track of the stack's usage, the stack pointer marks the top of the stack where a new frame will be pushed, decrementing the stack pointer by the required amount. When a frame is popped, the stack pointer is incremented by the frame length. The stack is typically used to call and return from functions by storing the return address of the caller, but can also be used to store a function's arguments (the values passed to it by its caller), its local variables and its exception handlers. Since the memory is allocated as soon as the thread becomes active, moving a pointer to activate and release stack frames is much quicker than requesting heap memory via the operating system.


Can stack be as a pointer?

A stack is a data structure in which last item inserted is taken out first . That's why they are known as LIFO (last in first out). Inserting an item in stack is termed as push and taking an item out from stack I s termed as pop. Stack pointer is the pointer that points to the top of the stack or that points the item at the top of the stack and help in adding or deleting the item from the top of stack.