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Oil field pushrod pumps ("donkey pumps") are reciprocating piston pumps. The long rod attached to the nodding head of the donkey pump extends down the well pipe. At the bottom of the pipe, an attached piston is moved up and down by the motion of the rod. The piston is fitted with a one-way valve, and the bottom of the pipe is also fitted with a one-way valve. As the piston descends, its valve (the "travelling valve") opens, allowing oil to pass through into the space above the piston. At the same time, the valve at the bottom of the well pipe (the "standing valve") closes, so that no oil is pushed out the bottom of the pipe. When the piston begins to rise, the travelling valve closes so that the oil now above it is lifted up the well pipe...while the standing valve now opens, allowing more oil from underground to be sucked into the bottom of the well pipe. The process repeats, with each upward stroke of the pump delivering around one to ten gallons of liquid...oil, possibly with some water mixed in.

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