A synchronous motor can be a type of 3-Phase AC motor, or not.
A synchronous motor is defined by the period of the rotor being synchronized with the frequency of the stator windings' current. The stator windings might be 3-Phase or not (2-Phase would work).
Also synchronous motors are not the only type of 3-Phase AC motors. An induction motor could also be 3-Phase AC and has a few advantages and disadvantages over a synchronous motor.
That might be to make it run the right way.
When an induction motor is pushed over synchronous speed it will become a generator and will deliver power back to the utility.
Principle of synchronous motor is as given below:"when a 3 phase winding is fed by a 3 phase supply, then a magnetic flux of constant magnitude but rotating at synchronous speed, is produced."
The usual way is with a synchronous generator connected to the distribution system.
A synchronous motor aways runs at the synchronous speed, which is the supply frequency divided by the number of pairs of poles in the motor. For a 4-pole motor the speed is 1500 rpm (50 Hz supply) or 1800 rpm (60 Hz supply). The mechanical phase of the rotor is liable to be a little unstable under changing load conditions.
Synchronous motor
That might be to make it run the right way.
on no load and without losses
A synchronous motor is a three phase motor, which uses a magnetic field created by permanent magnets or a DC electromagnet on the rotor (usually). The stator windings have 3 phase voltages applied, and coupled with the DC field, create a rotating magnetic field that drives the motor at synchronous speed.
A synchronous motor runs at synchronous speed, so there is no slip, or zero slip.
If the synchronous motor is single phase then there are two slip rings & if this motor is three phase so the slip rings are three in number. Correction; I have never seen a single phase synchronous motor. It would cost more that it was worth. A synchronous motor has a separately excited field. If the excitation comes from a stationary DC source it has 2 slip (collector) rings. A brushless induction motor has no slip rings because the exciter armature rotates and so do the rectifiers. A permanent magnet motor, used with variable frequency drives, is another type of synchronous motor that has no slip rings. A three phase motor with 3 slip rings is a Wound Rotor motor. Wound rotor motors are variable speed motors that were used for such applications as bridges and cranes before variable speed drives.
Synchronous motors run at synchronous speed. An induction motor that has the same number of poles must run at a sub-synchronous speed to create a second magnetic field (a field that is at a different phase angle) to generate torque.
When an induction motor is pushed over synchronous speed it will become a generator and will deliver power back to the utility.
3600 rpm
Low-power (a few watts) might use a synchronous motor, most fans use an induction motor. Above a couple of horse-power it might be a 3-phase induction motor.
Principle of synchronous motor is as given below:"when a 3 phase winding is fed by a 3 phase supply, then a magnetic flux of constant magnitude but rotating at synchronous speed, is produced."
For exactly the same reason as three-phase motors always run below synchronous speed. If they were to run at synchronous speed then no voltage and, therefore, no rotor current will be induced into the rotor to drive it.