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IDDM is still idiopathic although the the most likely cause of Type I Diabetes is immune sequel. Antibodies that were activated against a viral infection are also capable of crossreacting with similar antigens presented on human cells. These can be autoantibodies for insulin, islet cells of the pancreas or to glutamic acid decarboxylase.

Insulin autoantibodies are predominantly found in younger children (<5 yrs) and is known as micro insulin autoantibodies( MIAA)

For islet cell autoantibodies there are two beta islet cells that show specificity to Type 1 DM. Autoantibodies to IA2 are found in a majority of Type I diabetic patients. IAR (also known as "phogrin") is also a marker on the beta islet cells.

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