0
What else can I help you with?
What is abrstac class and virctul function in c?
I have to assume the question is for C#, not C, because C does not provide abstract class concept.public abstract class A1 { public virtual void SayHi() { Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); }public abstract void DoSomething();}The above abstract class A1 contains 1 virtual method and 1 abstract method. [Note that because of the abstract keyword for Dosomething(), A1 must be declared as abstract. An abstract class DOES NOT have to have any abstract methods!!)The virtual function SayHi() provides a implementation, while the abstract function provides nothing but only the method signature( the name of the method, the return type, and method parameters and their data types). The derived class of A1 has the option to override SayHi() and must implement (or defer to subclasses of this derived class) the method DoSomething()
When to use a non-abstract method in an abstract class?
In an abstract class some methods could be abstract meaning a sub-class must provide the actual implementation code or non-abstract in those cases the functionality is common to all or most of the sub-classes. With respect to the non-abstract classes, some sub-classes could override those as needed unless they're defined final.Example of such classes found in the core J2SE API include:java.awt.Component, java.awt.geom.Point2D, java.io.InputStream, java.io.Reader, java.util.AbstractCollection, and many others.Take java.util.AbstractCollection as a typical example. It provides placeholders for abstract methods iterator() and size(), and provides the concrete methods clear(), contains(), isEmpty(), etc. which use the former abstract methods to perform a generic function as defined in the specific implementation of a sub-class. The abstract class defers the details of the specific implementation to its sub-classes. The class java.util.HashSet extends AbstractCollection and defines the non-abstract implementation code for both iterator() and size() methods.
What is an abstract data structure?
Abstract Data Type in computing is a set of data along with a set of predefined operations.The actual data inside the ADT is protected from direct manipulation. The exposed operations is the only way to manipulate the data.In easier terms, it is very much like (though not limited) to the objects in object oriented programming.
Why do abstract class can not be inherited?
An abstract class is designed to provide function and organization to subclasses without ever existing as an object itself. In other words, it is a glorified template, an abstraction for subclasses, and would be illogical to instantiate. As an example, imagine that a zoo wanted to make separate classes representing each of its animals, but wanted them to all have some common features like a variable for life expectancy or a method to project feeding costs. To force every class to implement this functionality, the programmer may create an abstract class called Animal that each subclass would extend. However, would it ever make sense to create an Animal? No, because an Animal does not exist anywhere in the zoo - an Alligator however might.
What is the difference between abstraction and virtualization?
Terms I used: INTEND - the method signature, including the return type, the name of the method, and the definition of the method arguments, if any. IMPLEMENTATION - the method body, the codes between the {} after the INTEND, the behavior. An abstract method only defines the INTEND with no IMPLMENTATION. Every derived class inherits such an abstract method must supply an implementation to fulfill that INTEND. A virtual method has the INTEND and the implementation. The original implementation sometimes called default behavior. An empty method body (nothing but only {}) is NOT the same as no IMPLEMENTATION. a derived class has the option to override the default implementation defined by a virtual method (to provide a new method body), or just to leave that default behavior as it is.
What is abrstac class and virctul function in c?
I have to assume the question is for C#, not C, because C does not provide abstract class concept.public abstract class A1 { public virtual void SayHi() { Console.WriteLine("Hello World"); }public abstract void DoSomething();}The above abstract class A1 contains 1 virtual method and 1 abstract method. [Note that because of the abstract keyword for Dosomething(), A1 must be declared as abstract. An abstract class DOES NOT have to have any abstract methods!!)The virtual function SayHi() provides a implementation, while the abstract function provides nothing but only the method signature( the name of the method, the return type, and method parameters and their data types). The derived class of A1 has the option to override SayHi() and must implement (or defer to subclasses of this derived class) the method DoSomething()
When to use a non-abstract method in an abstract class?
In an abstract class some methods could be abstract meaning a sub-class must provide the actual implementation code or non-abstract in those cases the functionality is common to all or most of the sub-classes. With respect to the non-abstract classes, some sub-classes could override those as needed unless they're defined final.Example of such classes found in the core J2SE API include:java.awt.Component, java.awt.geom.Point2D, java.io.InputStream, java.io.Reader, java.util.AbstractCollection, and many others.Take java.util.AbstractCollection as a typical example. It provides placeholders for abstract methods iterator() and size(), and provides the concrete methods clear(), contains(), isEmpty(), etc. which use the former abstract methods to perform a generic function as defined in the specific implementation of a sub-class. The abstract class defers the details of the specific implementation to its sub-classes. The class java.util.HashSet extends AbstractCollection and defines the non-abstract implementation code for both iterator() and size() methods.
What is abrstac class and virctulfunction in c sharp?
abstract class is a class label with abstract. It is just like a common class, with the following characterics: 1. Abstract class cannot be instantiate with an instance. 2. Abstract class may have abstract methods, while the normal class cannot have abstract methods. a virtual function in C# is a way to provide a default implementation for the class hierarchy. Both abstract class and common class (not sealed) can have virtual methods/ functions. Note that an abstract method (of an abstract class) is defining the intent, no codes (no default behavior), the implementation are left for the derived classes to do so. The virtual function if defined in an abstract class must define the implementation, the minimum is to do nothing: public abstract class Vehicle { public abstract int GetNumberOfTires(); public virtual void Move() { // default is doing nothing} } public class Car : Vehicle { public override int GetNumberOfTires() { return 4; } public override void Move() { throws new OutOfFuelExpection(); } }
What is an abstract data structure?
Abstract Data Type in computing is a set of data along with a set of predefined operations.The actual data inside the ADT is protected from direct manipulation. The exposed operations is the only way to manipulate the data.In easier terms, it is very much like (though not limited) to the objects in object oriented programming.
Write a Java Program to illustarte the use of abstract methods?
Abstract MethodsAn abstract method is a method that's been declared as abstract but not implemented. In other words, the method contains no code. You mark a method abstract when you want to force subclasses to provide the implementation. (remember the reason why you would want to make a class abstract from the previous paragraph)Ex: public abstract void showSample();Notice that the abstract method ends with a semicolon instead of curly braces. It is illegal to have even a single abstract method in a class that is not explicitly declared abstract! Look at the following illegal class:public class IllegalAbstractClass{public abstract void test();}The preceding class will produce the following error if you try to compile it:IllegalClass.java:1: class IllegalAbstractClass must be declaredabstract.It does not define void test() from class IllegalAbstractClass.public class IllegalAbstractClass {1 errorYou can, however, have an abstract class with no abstract methods. The following example will compile fine:public abstract class LegalAbstractClass{void test() {// you can write lots of code here}}In the preceding example, test() is not abstract. Three different clues tell you it's not an abstract method:• The method is not marked abstract.• The method declaration includes curly braces, as opposed to ending in a semicolon. In other words, the method has a method body.• The method contains actual implementation code.Any class that extends an abstract class must implement all abstract methods of the superclass, unless the subclass is also abstract. The rule is this:The first concrete subclass of an abstract class must implement all abstract methods of the superclass.Concrete just means nonabstract, so if you have an abstract class extending another abstract class, the abstract subclass doesn't need to provide implementations for the inherited abstract methods. Sooner or later, though, somebody's going to make a nonabstract subclass (in other words, a class that can be instantiated), and that subclass will have to implement all the abstract methods from up the inheritance tree.
What is the abstract noun of provide?
The abstract noun forms for the verb to provide are provision and the gerund, providing.
What is the similarity between abstract class and class?
They provide the same level of abstraction and encapsulation, and similar inheritance. The differences in inheritance: an abstract class forces you to have at least 1 subclass (otherwise this abstraction branch is useless, because you won't be able to create any instance), while a non-abstract class may have optional subclasses.
Why do abstract class can not be inherited?
An abstract class is designed to provide function and organization to subclasses without ever existing as an object itself. In other words, it is a glorified template, an abstraction for subclasses, and would be illogical to instantiate. As an example, imagine that a zoo wanted to make separate classes representing each of its animals, but wanted them to all have some common features like a variable for life expectancy or a method to project feeding costs. To force every class to implement this functionality, the programmer may create an abstract class called Animal that each subclass would extend. However, would it ever make sense to create an Animal? No, because an Animal does not exist anywhere in the zoo - an Alligator however might.
What is the difference between abstraction and virtualization?
Terms I used: INTEND - the method signature, including the return type, the name of the method, and the definition of the method arguments, if any. IMPLEMENTATION - the method body, the codes between the {} after the INTEND, the behavior. An abstract method only defines the INTEND with no IMPLMENTATION. Every derived class inherits such an abstract method must supply an implementation to fulfill that INTEND. A virtual method has the INTEND and the implementation. The original implementation sometimes called default behavior. An empty method body (nothing but only {}) is NOT the same as no IMPLEMENTATION. a derived class has the option to override the default implementation defined by a virtual method (to provide a new method body), or just to leave that default behavior as it is.
Explain a pure virtual function with an example?
There are no pure virtual functions, but there are pure virtual function calls.In C++, classes can define abstract functions. Those are virtual functions for which no implementation is supplied in the class that defines it. Abstract functions are typically used to define a contract. For example, a base class for any vehicle might guarantee that a move() method exists, but only classes derived from vehicle implement this method according to the properties of the specific vehicle: a bike, a car, a skateboard, etc. Classes containing abstract functions are sometimes called abstract classes.The C++ compiler does not allow the creation of an object of type vehicle in this example, because the vehicle class contains an abstract function.Classes derived from vehicle (derived in first or higher degree) must supply an implementation of this method before the compiler allows the creation of an object of this type.Therefore, any valid object descended from vehicle must have an implementation of the move method. However, since it is possible to create pointers to abstract classes (classes that contain abstract functions which have not yet been given an implementation), pure virtual function calls can occur at runtime.Consider this example:class vehicle {public:virtual void move(void) = 0; // abstract function};class motorizedVehicle : vehicle {...};class car : motorizedVehicle {public:virtual void move(void) {... // implementation}};An application cannot create objects of type vehicle or motorizedVehicle, but it can create pointers to those. Those might give access to classes that have no implementation for the move method, and calling it results in a run-time diagnostic known as a pure virtual function call.
What are the differences between class and abstract class?
Below is the main difference between the 3 components:Concrete class - Provides implementation for all its methods & also for methods from extended abstract classes or implemented interfacesAbstract class - Does not provide implementation for one or more of its methodsInterface - Does not provide implementation for any of its methods
Explain the meaning of abstract keyword in relation to classes and methods?
The abstract keyword is used to denote abstract classes and abstract methods in Java.An abstract method is a method which is defined, but not implemented:public abstract void doStuff();An abstract class is a class which contains one or more abstract methods*, and which cannot be instantiated directly. All subclasses of an abstract class must implement the abstract methods.* Note that abstract classes can include no abstract methods, but this rather defeats the purpose of using an abstract class.The quintessential example of an abstract class is the Shape class.// Definition of our abstract classpublic abstract class Shape {// Notice how we can actually declare and implement variables and methods.// This is what differentiates between an abstract class and an interface.// The location of this shapeprivate double x,y;// Change our location - all subclasses will have this by defaultpublic void moveTo(final double newX, final double newY) {x = newX;y = newY;}// Definitions of our abstract classes.// All classes which extend from Shape must implement these.public abstract double getArea();public abstract double getPerimiter();}// Definition of our concrete example classpublic class Rectangle extends Shape {// Beyond the x,y location of Shape, Rectangle must have width and heightprivate double width, height;// Implement abstract methodspublic double getArea() {return width * height;}public double getPerimiter() {return width + width + height + height;}}
