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Alexander Neckham was born in 1157 and died in 1217; he received an excellent Church education and became a clerk in minor orders and a school teacher. Later he joined a community of Augustinian canons and was elected abbot in 1213.

He wrote several important manuscripts, mostly around 1180; these include "De Nominibus Utensilium" (regarding the names of tools), which is much more than the title implies. It covers clothing, furniture, tools, the contents of a church, how to build a castle, what to grow in a garden, the component parts of a plough, ship, loom and cart and much more. Other works are "De Naturis Rerum" (on the nature of things) and "Corrogationes Promethei". He was an observer and a recorder of the world around him.

As far as I can discover, Neckham did not invent anything - he simply recorded lists of things, how things were put together and so on. In "De nominibus utensilium" he describes lead-backed glass mirrors for the first time in history, but he was simply recording what others had devised, not what he himself had produced.

Mirrors have existed since Ancient Egyptian times; the earliest were made of highly polished bronze. They were certainly known long before Neckham's time.

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15y ago

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