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Brightness and contrast represent a way to adjust an image. They come from the display technology, being common controls in all monitors.

The color brightness/contrast are similar to the grayscale counterparts, in most cases being applied to all channels (even if from the physical point of view this is wrong - a transformation into HSI with adjustment of the I component would be correct -.

For a grayscale image, brightness represents an image adjustment where a constant value is added to all pixel values.

The contrast adjustament is a multiplication of the pixel values with a constant.

Most of the image processing programs use a different scale, for example from 0 to 10. If you wish to experiment with it, you can do it photoshop, gimp. To apply a brightness/contrast correction to a bunch of images is easier with an image converter like AZImage - see related link.

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