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'Instrument transformer' is the collective name for current transformers (CTs) and voltage (or 'potential') transformers (VTs/PTs). These Transformers have two functions:

  1. to reduce the current or voltage in a high-voltage primary circuit to values that may be measured using regular ammeters or voltmeters ('burdens'), or to provide the current or voltage inputs to protection relays.
  2. to electrically-isolate their secondary burdens from the high-voltage primary circuit for the purpose of safety.
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