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Acquired knowledge comes from outside the organization. In some

cases, an organization purchases the knowledge from another source.

Similarly, information can be leased or rented. For example, some "rented"

knowledge comes from consultants. Institutional research relies heavily on

rented knowledge such as U.S. Census Data, Integrated Postsecondary

Education Data System (IPEDS) files, research methods, to name a few.

Davenport and Prusak note that "originality is less important than usefulness"

in acquired knowledge.

Dedicated resources are those in which an organization sets aside

some staff members or an entire department (usually research and development)

to develop within the institution for a specific purpose. These dedicated

resources are usually protected from competitive pressures to develop

profitable products. Offices of institutional research are by themselves good

examples of dedicated resources to the extent that they generally serve specific

purposes, which are not duplicated or shared by other departments and

offices. This is particularly true when institutional research functions are

centralized within one office.

OVERVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 11

Fusion is knowledge created by bringing together people with different

perspectives to work on the same project. The resulting projects represent

more comprehensive expertise than possible if members of the team represented

one perspective. But Davenport and Prusak note that fused knowledge

often involves conflict, and a team needs time to reach a shared knowledge

and language. Cross-functional teams are becoming popular in higher

education institutions and are examples of fusion. Institutional researchers

are often called upon to participate in various teams due to their expertise.

Adaptation is knowledge that results from responding to new processes

or technologies in the market place. The expansion of on-line instruction

offered by higher education institutions is an example of adaptation.

Knowledge networking is knowledge in which people share information

with one another formally or informally. Knowledge networking often

occurs within disciplines; for example, an institutional researcher communicating

with another.

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