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Various energy losses occur in Transformers:

Copper losses, the resistance to the current flow in the windings which heats the conductors.

Iron losses, which are of two kinds:

  • eddy current losses which flow in the laminations of the core caused by the magnetization and re-magnetisation of the core, which also causes heatingof the core. Eddy current losses can be greatly reduced by not making the out of a solid piece of iron.

    That is why transformer cores are generally made of lots of separate thin "laminations" which are insulated from one another by being bonded together using an epoxy resin adhesive.

  • hysteresis losses which are again caused by the magnetizing and de-magnetising of the core.

    These are reduced by making the laminations of silicon steels, which have lower hysteresis losses than plain iron.

Together all these losses lead to a total efficiency of about 97 to 98%, which will alter depending upon the load current that the transformer is supplying.

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13y ago

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