What are the production methods?

Answer 1

reabsorption, secretion, filtration

Answer 2

Job production involves producing a one-off product for a specific customer. Job production is most often associated with small firms (making railings for a specific house, building/repairing a computer for a specific customer, making flower arrangements for a specific wedding etc.) but large firms use job production too. Examples include: * Designing and implementing an advertising campaign * Auditing the accounts of a large public limited company * Building a new factory * Installing machinery in a factory Key benefits of job production include: * work is generally of a high quality * a high level of customisation is possible to meet the customer's exact requirements * significant flexibility is possible, especially when compared to mass production * workers can be easily motivated due to the skilled nature of the work they are performing Disadvantages include: * higher cost of production * requires the use of specialist labour (compare with the repetitive, low-skilled jobs in mass production) * slow compared to other methods (batch production and mass production) There are a number of features that should be implemented in a job production environment, they include: * Clear definitions of objectives should be set. * Clearly outlined decision making process. = Batch production = Batch production is a manufacturing process used to produce or process any product in batches, as opposed to a continuous production process, or a one-off production. The primary characteristic of batch production is that all components are completed at a workstation before they move to the next one. Batch production is popular in bakeries and in the manufacture of sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, inks, paints and adhesives. In the manufacture of inks and paints, a technique called a colour-run is used. A colour-run is where one manufactures the lightest color first, such as light yellow followed by the next increasingly darker colour such as orange, then red and so on until reaching black and then starts over again. This minimizes the cleanup and reconfiguring of the machinery between each batch. White (by which is meant opaque paint, not transparent ink) is the only colour that cannot be used in a colour run due to the fact that a small amount of white pigment can adversely affect the medium colours. There are inefficiencies associated with batch production. The production equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced. Time between batches is known as 'down time'. Batch production is useful for a factory that makes seasonal items or products for which it is difficult to forecast demand. Batch production has many "pros" and "cons" but is effective and used worldwide, mainly by larger businesses on higher profit margins. Batch production is also to test if the product is good and the company makes profit from customers buying the it. There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay because a single production line can be used to produce several products. As shown in the example, batch production can be useful for small businesses who cannot afford to run continuous production lines. Also, companies can use batch production as a trial run. If a retailer buys a batch of a product that does not sell then the producer can cease production without having to sustain huge losses. Other types of production include: assembly line, job production, continuous, cell, and project. = Mass production = Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, or series production) is the production of large amounts of standardized products on production lines. It was popularized by Henry Ford in the early 20th century, notably in his Ford Model T. Mass production typically uses moving tracks or conveyor belts to move partially complete products to workers, who perform simple repetitive tasks to permit very high rates of production per worker, allowing the high-volume manufacture of inexpensive finished goods. Mass production is capital intensive, as it uses a high proportion of machinery in relation to workers. With fewer labour costs and a faster rate of production, capital is increased while expenditure is decreased. However the machinery that is needed to set up a mass production line is so expensive that there must be some assurance that the product is to be successful so the company can get a return on its investment. Machinery for mass production such as robots and machine presses have high installation costs as well. Thus, mass production is ideally suited to serve large, relatively homogenous populations of consumers, whose demand would satisfy the long production runs required by this method of manufacturing. As such, it is not surprising that, given a number of other factors, mass production first became prevalent in the United States. One of the descriptions of mass production is that the craftsmanship is in the workbench itself, not the training of the worker; rather than having a skilled worker measure every dimension of each part of the product against the plans or the other parts as it is being formed, there are jigs and gauge blocks that are ready at hand to ensure that the part is made to fit this set-up. It has already been checked that the finished part will be to specifications to fit all the other finished parts - and it will be made quicker, with no time spent on finishing the parts to fit one another. This is the specialized capital required for mass production; each workbench is different and each set of tools at each workbench limited to those necessary to make one part. As each of these parts is uniformly and consistently constructed, interchangeability of components is thus another hallmark of mass produced goods.

Answer 3

There are 4 main steps in the production process. Writing and personal editing, design- creating the masterpiece in a rough form. Proofing from the rough stage into a more polished version usually by several individuals and finally on to printing.

Answer 4

Glomerular