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A transformer transforms one level of voltage and current into another. A step up transformer raises voltage and lowers current, usually to make long power lines more efficient, and a step down transformer raises current and lowers voltage, usually to make it safe for homes and appliances.

There are other more specialized Transformers as well. Isolation transformers provide galvanic (DC) isolation between primary and secondary. They may step the voltage up or down, or not, as needed. Current transformers, used as part of an instrumentation system, transform high current flow in a conductor (feeding a load, such as a motor), to a lower current, usually 5 amperes full scale. They are usefull when very large currents must be measured.

Another Answer

It is incorrect to say that a step-up transformer 'transforms voltage up, and current down' or that a step-down transformer 'steps voltage down, and current up'. This suggests that the primary current determines the secondary current, which it most-definitely doesn't! The value of the current in a transformer's primary winding is determined by the load, so the load determines the value of the secondary current which, in turn, determines the value of the primary current.

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