A macro is preprocessor definition that is processed prior to compilation. All occurances of a macro within your C++ source code are replaced with the macro definition, much like an automated search-and-replace-all operation. If the macro's definition is a function with one or more arguments, then the function is inline expanded within your code, replacing the defined arguments with the arguments that were passed to the macro. However, macro functions are not type safe and cannot be debugged because they only exist in your source code; the compiler only sees the intermediate code emitted by the preprocessor, at which point all macro definitions will no longer exist. To address this problem, C++ also supports the concept of template functions, which not only eliminates any unwanted inline expansion (resulting in smaller code), but also ensures that all calls to the function are type safe and can be debugged in the normal way. That said, macro functions, when used appropriately, can greatly simplify your code and can achieve things that would be difficult if not impossible to achieve with C++ alone. The ability to use code fragments via a macro is one such possibility. However, when combined with preprocessor directives such as #ifdef DEBUG, macros can also be used to provide useful and powerful debugging routines that only exist in debug code, compiling to no code in release builds. This cannot be achieved with C++ alone.
Don't write, it is already written, google for 'cpp'.
A typedef is a compiler macro. A reference is a pointer, usually implemented with transparent syntax. They have no relationship between each other.
The NULL macro is an implementation-defined macro. It is used to symbolise the zero address (0x0) in C programs and older C++ programs. It is not type safe, but is the conventional method of assigning the zero address to a pointer variable. C++11 introduced the type-safe nullptr data type.
I assume you mean using lower case letters. By convention, C and C++ standard libraries use lower-case naming conventions. This makes it easy to identify functions and types that belong to the standard library. When defining your own types, a leading capital is preferred. All capitals typically denotes a macro definition.
C: there are no methods in C. C++: no.
#define biggest (a) > (b) && (a) > (c) ? (a) : (b) > (c) ? (b) : (c)
Don't write, it is already written, google for 'cpp'.
C++ programs won't compile if they contain compiler errors. The compiler will tell you precisely where the error is, and the type of error, unless the error is in a macro. The compiler cannot see macro definitions because they are inline expanded prior to compilation.
A typedef is a compiler macro. A reference is a pointer, usually implemented with transparent syntax. They have no relationship between each other.
C+i+g=?
55
ultra
The NULL macro is an implementation-defined macro. It is used to symbolise the zero address (0x0) in C programs and older C++ programs. It is not type safe, but is the conventional method of assigning the zero address to a pointer variable. C++11 introduced the type-safe nullptr data type.
b+b+b+c+c+c+c =3b+4c
c + c + 2c + c + c = 6c
b + b + b + c + c + c + c = 3b + 4c
4c