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In period 3 of the Periodic Table, silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are considered semiconductors. Silicon, with an atomic number of 14, is the most widely used semiconductor material in electronics due to its favorable electrical properties and abundance. Germanium, with an atomic number of 32, was historically used in early transistors but has largely been replaced by silicon in most applications. Both elements have four valence electrons, allowing them to form covalent bonds and conduct electricity under certain conditions.

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