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Classes are the integral part of the all-important programming paradigm known as Object-Oriented Programming(OOP). In OOP, a programming problem is perceived as a problem in a real-life scenario, as an interaction between objects. The problem is tackled by having a system of interacting objects, that interact among themselves to solve the programming problem. Objects in OOP bear semblance to real-life objects. Classes serve as templates for the creation of objects of the same type. For instance, students may be thought to be objects of the human-being class, cars may be thought to be objects of the Automobile class. Classes are defined as collection of methods(functions) and data members(variables), additionally defined by scope rules. In addition, classes also achieve the OOP principles of encapsulation, abstraction, polymorphism and inheritance. Encapsulation refers to binding data and code together, with data controlling access to code. Abstraction refers to the hiding the implementation details of a class from outside functions and exposing only necessary details. Polymorphism refers to the scenario when a class can play more than one role. Inheritance is used when one or more classes must include properties of another set of classes, and also have properties of their own.

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