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Critical density in soil mechanics refers to a specific soil density at which the soil transitions from a loose or dilatant state to a dense or contractive state under loading conditions. It is significant in understanding soil behavior during compaction, shear strength, and stability analysis. At critical density, the soil exhibits minimal volume change when subjected to external forces, which is crucial for predicting its performance in engineering applications. This concept is essential for ensuring the stability and safety of structures built on or within soils.

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