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FastCGI is an interface that makes programs run on servers run faster. It's intended as an improvement to the older Common Gateway Interface (CGI.) CGI was and is used by servers to call external programs. The problem was that every CGI request created a single process on the machine. This meant that sharing things like memory and database connections (which are hard to create and therefore slower to start new) wasn't possible.

The new FastCGI interface allows a single process to deal with multiple requests to the server. This means that any given process might go on for a very long time, and handle multiple requests. This longevity allows FastCGI to reuse memory allotments, database connections, and other "expensive" tools without always having to create a new one.

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