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A number of data structures are made up of nodes joined together by pointers. Some examples are:
- Linked lists
- Binary trees
- Generalised trees
- Graphs
Each structure has its own algorithms for inserting nodes, but the general process is of allocating the node dynamically with malloc, and then setting its pointers to the address of adjacent nodes, and often those adjacent nodes' pointers to the address of the new node.
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Program for inserting a new node in between two list in c?
To insert a new node between two lists, append the new node to the first list, then insert the head node of the second list after the new node.
Coding of inserting a node at the begning of the list in C?
newnode->next = first; first= newnode;
How do you implement stack using linked list in turbo c?
Assume the Linked list has following operations 1.node* insert(node* node, bool head); /* head = true if insertion at head else insertion at tail */ 2. node* remove(bool head); /* head = true if removal at head else removal at tail */ Now implement the stack functions as below. STK_RET push(node* pnode) { node* head; head = insert(pnode, true); /* insert the node at head */ if (head) return STK_OK; else return STK_NOK; } similarly pop can be implemented to remove the node at head Also the conventioin of inserting and removal from the tail can be used.
Explain any two advantages using Single linked list over Doubly linked list and vice-versa?
Advantages of single linked list: # Decrease in storage space per linked list node # Simpler implementation Advantages of double linked list # Decrease in work when accessing a random node # Decrease in work when inserting or deleting a node
Write an iterative function to search an element in a binary search tree?
_node* search (_node* head, _key key) { _node* node; for (node=head; node != NULL;;) { if (key == node->key) return node; else if (key < node.>key) node = node->left; else node = node->right; } return node; }
Program for inserting a new node in between two list in c?
To insert a new node between two lists, append the new node to the first list, then insert the head node of the second list after the new node.
How does binary tree insertion work and what are the key steps involved in inserting a new node into a binary tree?
Binary tree insertion involves adding a new node to a binary tree while maintaining the tree's structure. The key steps in inserting a new node are: Start at the root node and compare the value of the new node with the current node. If the new node's value is less than the current node, move to the left child node. If it is greater, move to the right child node. Repeat this process until reaching a leaf node (a node with no children). Insert the new node as the left or right child of the leaf node, depending on its value compared to the leaf node's value.
Coding of inserting a node at the begning of the list in C?
newnode->next = first; first= newnode;
How do you write a algorithm of inserting an element at end of a linked list?
Algorithm to insert an element at the end of a linked listSpecial case: the list is empty.Create a new node for the element, assigning nullptr (0) to its next node.Assign the new node to the head of the list.Return a pointer to the new node and exit.All other cases: the list is not empty.Start at the head node (make it current).Repeat: while the current node has a next node, traverse to that node (make it current).Create a new node for the element, assigning nullptr (0) to its next node.Assign the new node as the current node's next node.Return a pointer to the new node and exit.
How do you implement stack using linked list in turbo c?
Assume the Linked list has following operations 1.node* insert(node* node, bool head); /* head = true if insertion at head else insertion at tail */ 2. node* remove(bool head); /* head = true if removal at head else removal at tail */ Now implement the stack functions as below. STK_RET push(node* pnode) { node* head; head = insert(pnode, true); /* insert the node at head */ if (head) return STK_OK; else return STK_NOK; } similarly pop can be implemented to remove the node at head Also the conventioin of inserting and removal from the tail can be used.
Explain any two advantages using Single linked list over Doubly linked list and vice-versa?
Advantages of single linked list: # Decrease in storage space per linked list node # Simpler implementation Advantages of double linked list # Decrease in work when accessing a random node # Decrease in work when inserting or deleting a node
What is a simple node?
In computer programming, a simple node is a structure that holds two pointers. The first pointer refers to the data that is indirectly associated with the node, while the other refers to the next node in the sequence. Simple nodes are typically used in forward lists (singly-linked lists) where we keep track of the head node only. The last node in the list refers to NULL as there can be no next node after the last node. We can insert new data into the list knowing only the address of the data. A new node is constructed which then refers to the data and to the current head of the list. The new node then becomes the head of the list. Insertions at the head are performed in constant time. Inserting anywhere else in the list requires that we traverse the nodes recursively, following each node's next pointer, starting from the head, stopping at the node that should come after the new node. That node then becomes the new node's next node (if the node reaches the end of the list, the next node is NULL). Since we traversed recursively, we can return the newly inserted node to the caller, which can then be assigned to the caller's next node. All other recursions simply return the node we traversed to, thus leaving the caller's next node unchanged. The following example shows a simple node implementation for an ordered list of type int: typedef struct Node_t { // a simple node int* data; Node_t* next; } Node; Node* insert (int* data, Node* node) { // insert data if (!node *node->data > *data ) { // insertion point reached (end recursions) Node* pnode = malloc (sizeof (Node)); // create a new node pnode->data = data; // attach the data pnode->next = node; // refer to the next node (may be NULL) return pnode; // return the new node so the previous node can be updated } // if we get this far, the given node comes before the new data // delegate to the next node, the return value is the new or existing next node node->next = insert (data, node->next); return node; // return the node (it remains the previous node's next node) } void print_all (Node* node) { // print the given node and all that follow it while (node) { printf ("%d ", *node->data); node = node->next; } } Node* destroy_all (Node* node) // destroy the given node and all that follow it while (node) { Node* next = node->next; // refer to the next node (may be NULL) free (node->data); // release the current node's data free (node); // release the node itself node = next; // make the next node current (may be NULL) } return node; // always NULL } int main(void) { // The test program... srand ((unsigned) time (NULL)); // seed a random number generator Node* head = NULL; // the head node of the list (initially NULL for an empty list) for (int i=0; i<10; ++i) { // insert 10 random integers int* pint = malloc (sizeof (int)); // allocate a new integer on the free store if (!pint) break; // allocation failed, stop inserting! *pint = rand () % 10; // assign a random integer value (range 0:9) head = insert (pint, head); // insert the data (the return value is the new or existing head) } print_all (head); // print all the nodes starting from the head node head = delete_all (head); // destroy all the nodes starting from the head (returns NULL) return 0; }
General tree to binary tree conversion?
The process of converting the general tree to a binary tree is as follows: * use the root of the general tree as the root of the binary tree * determine the first child of the root. This is the leftmost node in the general tree at the next level * insert this node. The child reference of the parent node refers to this node * continue finding the first child of each parent node and insert it below the parent node with the child reference of the parent to this node. * when no more first children exist in the path just used, move back to the parent of the last node entered and repeat the above process. In other words, determine the first sibling of the last node entered. * complete the tree for all nodes. In order to locate where the node fits you must search for the first child at that level and then follow the sibling references to a nil where the next sibling can be inserted. The children of any sibling node can be inserted by locating the parent and then inserting the first child. Then the above process is repeated.
How to write an actual algorithm for inserting an element in a linked list?
Insert newNode into a linked list after targetNode Node currentNode = root while currentNode != targetNode currentNode = currentNode.next newNode.next = currentNode.next currentNode.next = newNode
Write an iterative function to search an element in a binary search tree?
_node* search (_node* head, _key key) { _node* node; for (node=head; node != NULL;;) { if (key == node->key) return node; else if (key < node.>key) node = node->left; else node = node->right; } return node; }
What is a circular singly linked lists?
A circular singly linked list is a memory structure in programming that supports walking around the list in a circle. Such a list is almost always written in the following form: class ListNode { public ListNode nextNode; public Object nodeData; public void addNode(Object newData); public void removeNode(); } Note that I've just generalized the data structure, as each language will have a specific syntax that has to be followed. The data is organized such that if you follow nextNode indefinitely, you will eventually circle all the way back to the original node you started at. This is the "circular" part of this list. Going in a circle is done like this: while(ListNode node = CurrentNode.nextNode) { /* Do some processing here */ } Depending on the actual use case, care must be taken to ensure that you are not truly going around infinitely. The "singly linked" part is identified by the single pointer (or reference, if you will) to the next available node, called nextNode. A "doubly linked" structure would also contain a "previousNode" pointer/reference. void addNode(Object Data) { ListNode temp = new ListNode(); temp.nextNode = CurrentNode.nextNode; temp.Data = Data; CurrentNode.nextNode = temp; } Inserting a new node can be done by inserting after the current entry. Inserting in place of the current entry would be slightly more complex, because you'd have to move the data pointers in the current node to the new node, then place the new data into the current node. void removeNode() { CurrentNode.nextNode = CurrentNode.nextNode.nextNode; } This code removes the node after the current entry. Again, to remove the current node instead of the one following, you would move the data from nextNode into the current node, then delete nextNode. In a modern programming language, the old node will be garbage collected after a period of time, thus reclaiming the memory used. In other languages, you would need to "free" or "delete" the ListNode that was contained in CurrentNode.nextNode.
How to Print data of all nodes of linked list?
for (node=head; node!=null; node=node->next) printnode(node);
